Paul Heselton Meanings And Represntations

Question 1

Adjectival phrase

Answer 1

A group of words grouped around an adjective

Question 2

Minor sentences

Answer 2

Lower the register and can mirror speech patterns (e.g. Darlington)

Question 3

Simple sentences

Answer 3

Often deliver short, emphatic, simplified messages (e.g. we love Darlington)

Question 4

Compound sentence

Answer 4

Provide more detail by delivering two equally weighted ideas (e.g. we love Darlington and we want to live here forever)

Question 5

Complex sentences

Answer 5

Can convey sophisticated messages, balancing main ideas against subordinating points (although it smells, we love Darlington and want to live here forever)

Question 6

Implicature

Answer 6

Implied meanings included for the reader to infer ( pragmatic aspects of texts: irony, assumptions about the implied reader, intersexuality, schematic knowledge)

Question 7

First person singular pronouns

Answer 7

I, me, my

Question 8

First person plural pronouns

Answer 8

We, us, our

Question 9

Second person pronouns

Answer 9

You, you

Question 10

Third person pronouns

Answer 10

They, them

Question 11

Gendered assumptions in pronouns

Answer 11

“ “

Question 12

Terms to use around pronoun usage in texts

Answer 12

• personalisation
• inclusive address (we, us)
• direct address (you)
• synthetic personalisation (between reader and writer)
• anaphoric and cataphoric references

Question 13

Imperatives

Answer 13

Direct vs. Indirect

Question 14

Interrogatives

Answer 14

Rhetorical, tag-questions, loaded

Question 15

Hyponym

Answer 15

Specific words

Question 16

Hypernym

Answer 16

Generalised noun

Question 17

Rhetorical devices

Answer 17

Skilful uses of language designed to persuade and influence the implied reader

Question 18

Anaphora

Answer 18

We shall…we shall

Question 19

Antithesis

Answer 19

Opposites

Question 20

Hyperbole

Answer 20

‘You’re 100% right’ - exaggerating in a positive way

Question 21

Litotes

Answer 21

She’s not unlike her sister - double negative

Question 22

Polysyndeton

Answer 22

And…and…and…

Question 23

Triadic structure

Answer 23

Blood, sweat and tears

Question 24

Deontic modality

Answer 24

High force, e,g, will

Question 25

Epistemic modality

Answer 25

Low force e.g. should, could

Question 26

Passive voice

Answer 26

Often depersonalises and formalises the message, puts focus on action rather than the do-er of the action

Question 27

Cohesive devices

Answer 27

Structural devices that enourage you to keep reading the text Is the bridge between lexis, sentencing and paragraphing Cohesive devices are words or phrases that link forward (cataphora) and backward (anaphora)

Question 28

Speech features

Answer 28

- ellipsis (the omission of words) - elision (the omission of letters and sounds) - fillers and hedges - deixis (context-dependent language) - eye dialect (deliberate non-standard spelling) - non-standard punctuation (e.g. multiple exclamation marks) - varied font sizes to suggest a speakers prosodic features

Question 29

Copular verb

Answer 29

The verb ‘to be’, often used to convey a high level of certainty