PCOS LEC - SKINCARE

Question 1

is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system.

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

One of the skin’s primary physiological functions is to act as the body’s first line of
defense against _______

Answer 2

Exogenous agents

Question 3

the skin should not be viewed as a flawless ____________

Answer 3

physicochemical barrier

Question 4

Many ________ compounds are capable of penetrating this barrier

Answer 4

low–molecular weight

Question 5

most cosmetics are applied to the ___________

Answer 5

highly permeable facial skin

Question 6

majority of reported cosmetic reactions occur in the ___

Answer 6

face

Question 7

This is a nonspecific term used to describe any inflammatory skin disease resulting from contact with an irritant or allergenic substance

Answer 7

CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 8

Whatever the causative agent, the clinical features are similar: itching, redness, and skin lesions

Answer 8

CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 9

It is a term given to a complex group of localized inflammatory reactions that follow nonimmunological damage to the skin.

Answer 9

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

Question 10

The inflammation may be the result of an acute toxic (usually chemical) insult to the skin, or of repeated and cumulative damage from weaker irritants (chemical
or physical).

Answer 10

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

Question 11

There is no definite laboratory test for _______ diagnosis is by clinical morphology, of course, and appropriate negative patch-test results.

Answer 11

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

Question 12

is the result of a single overwhelming exposure toastrongirritant or a series of brief physical or chemical contacts, leadingtoacuteinflammation of the skin.

Answer 12

ACUTE ICD

Question 13

The resultant clinical appearance is that of erythema, edema, pain, andsometimes vesiculation at the site of contact, usually associatedwithburning or stinging sensations.

Answer 13

Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Question 14

_______ or chronic ICD develops as aresult of
a series of repeated and damaging insults to the skin. The insults maybechemical or physical.

Answer 14

Cumulative Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Question 15

Some chemicals produce acute irritation in a delayed manner sothat thesigns and symptoms of acute irritant dermatitis appear 12 to 24hoursormore after the original insult.

Answer 15

Delayed Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Question 16

occurs when a substance comes into contact with skin that has undergone an acquired specific alteration in its reactivity as a result of prior exposure of the skin to the substance eliciting the dermatitis.

Answer 16

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 17

The skin response of _____ is delayed, immunologically mediated (TypeIV), andconsists of varying degrees of erythema, edema, papules, and papulovesicles.

Answer 17

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Question 18

_______ is the gold standard; it is imperative for proving ACD, determining the actual allergen, predictive testing, i.e., determining ‘‘safe’’ materials for the consumer, and exclusion of other diagnoses.

Answer 18

Patch testing

Question 19

It is a chemically induced nonimmunological skin irritation requiring light. This reaction will occur in all individuals exposed to the chemical–light combination

Answer 19

PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 20

the clinical picture is that of erythema, edema, or vesiculation in sun-exposed areas, resembling an exaggerated sunburn. This may be followed by hyperpigmentation, or if the exposure is repeated, scaling and lichenification may occur

Answer 20

C. PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 21

a component of bergamot oil, which used to be a popular ingredient
in perfume, is a potent photoirritant that causes berloque dermatitis

Answer 21

Bergapten

Question 22

It is an immunological response to a substance that requires the presence of
light.

Answer 22

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

Question 23

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
The substance in the skin absorbs photons and is converted to a stable or unstable photoproduct, which binds to skin proteins to form an antigen, which then elicits a delayed _______

Answer 23

hypersensitivity response

Question 24

Examples of photoallergens present in cosmetics and perfume are:

Answer 24

musk ambrette and 6-methylcoumarin

Question 25

_______ is the diagnostic procedure for photoallergy

Answer 25

Photopatch testing

Question 26

It represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory reactions that appear, usually within a few minutes to an hour, after contact with the eliciting substance

Answer 26

CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME

Question 27

Clinically, erythematous wheal-and-flare reactions are seen, and sensationsof burning, stinging, or itching are experienced. These are transient, usuallydisappearing within a few hours. In its more severe forms, generalizedurticariaor extracutaneous

Answer 27

CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME

Question 28

Diagnosis may be achieved by a variety of skin tests—the ______ is the simplest of these and is the ‘‘first-line’’ test.

Answer 28

Open test

Question 29

CUS may be divided into two categories on the basis of pathophysiological mechanisms:

Answer 29

nonimmunological and immunological

Question 30

There are also ______ that act by an uncertain mechanism

Answer 30

urticariogens

Question 31

is the most common class of CUS. The reaction usually remains localized

Answer 31

Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria

Question 32

Examples of cosmetic substances known to produce NICU are _______

Answer 32

preservatives (e.g., benzoic acid and sorbic acid) and fragrances(e.g., cinnamic aldehyde)

Question 33

These are immediate (Type I) allergic reactions in people who have previously been sensitized to the causative agent

Answer 33

Immunological Contact Urticaria

Question 34

is IgE mediated and is more common in atopic individuals. Foodsubstances are common causes of ____

Answer 34

Immunological Contact Urticaria

Question 35

This refers to the capacity of some agents to cause acne or aggravate existing acne lesions

Answer 35

ACNEGENICITY

Question 36

ACNEGENICITY may be subdivided to include

Answer 36

comedogenicity and pustulogenicity

Question 37

This is the capability of an agent to cause hyper keratinous impactions in the sebaceous follicle, or the formation of microcomedones, usually in relatively short period of time

Answer 37

Comedogenicity

Question 38

This refers to the capability of an agent to cause inflammatory papules and pustules, usually in a relatively short period of time

Answer 38

Pustulogenicity

Question 39

Factors Contributing to Contact Allergic Reactions to a Cosmetic Product

Answer 39

Frequency of Use  Composition  Concentration of Ingredients  Purity of Ingredients  The Common Use of Cosmetic Ingredients in Pharmaceuticals  Cross-Sensitivity  Penetration-Enhancing Substances  Application Site  Condition of the Skin  Contact Time