PDCA & DMAIC

Question 1

What is the enemy of Lean?

Answer 1

Waste

Question 2

What is the enemy of 6 Sigma?

Answer 2

Variation

Question 3

What is Muda?

Answer 3

Waste

Question 4

What does PDCA stand for? A Lean Methodology, an iterative four-step process used for Continuous Improvement

Answer 4

Plan
Do
Check
Act

Question 5

What does DMAIC stand for

Answer 5

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control

Question 6

step in DMAIC where quantify the problem & establish goals; create a baseline of the current state of the process, assess stability, capability, and measurement systems

Answer 6

Measure

Question 7

step in DMAIC where determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis), Y = f(x), determine which inputs will provide the best outputs

Answer 7

Analyze

Question 8

step in DMAIC where identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation; confirm solution will achieve the project goals; implement and verify the solution

Answer 8

Improve

Question 9

Alfredo Pareto (maybe move to RCA module)

Question 10

step in DMAIC where sustain the improvement, establish KPIs and processes to monitor, document and share best practices, continually assess and update

Answer 10

Control

Question 11

Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called

Answer 11

DMAIC

Question 12

During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline?

Answer 12

Measure

Question 13

During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed?

Answer 13

Analyze

Question 14

During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined?

Answer 14

Define

Question 15

During which phase of DMAIC does the implementation take place?

Answer 15

Improve

Question 16

Which part of PDCA is described below?
-identify, measure, and analyze the problem or opportunity for change.
-develope hypotheses for what the underlying issues or causes are.
-decide on one hypothesis to test first.
-write down your expected results once you have determined your course of action

Answer 16

Plan

Question 17

PDCA: What are the 3 steps of Plan?

Answer 17

1.) Problem Identification
2.) Cause Investigation
3.) Select Countermeasures

Question 18

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below?
*Determine the problem area
*Define the standard
*Define the current state
*Determine the discrepancy
*Select a measurable goal
*State the problem in a state form in order to brainstorm potential causes

Answer 18

Problem Identification

Question 19

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm potential causes to the problem
*Collect and analyze data related to the problem
*Challenge data with facts
*Select the likely causes based on the team impact
*Establish a Cause & Effect relationship
*Establish root cause /driver cause

Answer 19

Cause Investigation

Question 20

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm countermeasures to address root cause
*Select appropriate counter measures based upon criteria
*Coordinate and seek approval from leadership to implement.

Answer 20

Select Countermeasures

Question 21

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Develop a plan to implement the countermeasure (s)
*Assign Tasks
Develop a communication planExecute a “Pilot Plan” with timelines and established tracking methods (aka –Control Plan)

Answer 21

Do

Question 22

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Review and analyze the results.
*Measure the impact of the solution and revise your plan, as necessary
*Monitor progress of the “Pilot Project”
*Evaluate the results
*Collect/analyze additional data if needed
*Modify the implementation plan, if necessary, based upon results
*Monitor results of specific countermeasure(s) that address the initial root causes.

Answer 22

Check

Question 23

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Implement your tried and tested plan if all went according to plan
*Implement Full Scale Solution (And capitalize onNew Opportunities)
*Standardize the effective countermeasure(s) to prevent reoccurrence
*Share your success with other impacted areas
*Plan on-going monitoring of the solution
Start the PDCA cycle over again to refine your countermeasure(s)Continue with other improvement opportunities

Answer 23

Act

Question 24

The PDCA cycle is an effective and systematic method for implementing ______.

Answer 24

Continuous Improvement

Question 25

PDCA relies on trial and error; however, it keeps improving until it achieves the ______.

Answer 25

desired outcome

Question 26

What are some common pitfalls to avoid when using PDCA?

Answer 26

*Skipping one of the four critical steps in PDCA *Over-planning: teams often get stuck in the Planning phase trying to confirm beliefs in planning whereas the Lean model confirms belief in the Check phase *Under-planning: missing experimental hypothesis: no “why” *Things work well for reasons beyond understanding with no knowledge of what worked and why *The hypothesis is NOT validated *Constrained resources and improper training cause PDCA to begin and end at “Do”

Question 27

What is described below? *Voice, expectations, preferences, comments, of a product or service by the customer *Stated and unstated needs, wants, and requirements

Answer 27

Voice of the customer (VOC)

Question 28

What is the average distance of data points away from the Mean in a distribution?

Answer 28

Standard deviation

Question 29

What is described below? *a measure of standard deviation *can be used interchangeably with the statistical term for standard deviation *a level of performance

Answer 29

Sigma

Question 30

Data-driven, problem-solving strategy used in Six Sigma to improve processes

Answer 30

DMAIC

Question 31

Which part of DMAIC is described below? *Describe the problem *Identify VOC and CTQ (Critical to Quality) /CTC (Critical to Customer) *Identify business value and desired outcomes (Ys) *Organize team

Answer 31

D=Define

Question 32

Which part of DMAIC is described below? *Quantify the problem & establish improvement goals *Create a baseline of the current state of the process *Assess stability, capability, and measurement systems

Answer 32

M=Measure

Question 33

Which part of DMAIC is described below? *Determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis) *Y = f (x) *Determine which inputs will provide the best outputs

Answer 33

A=Analyze

Question 34

Which part of DMAIC is described below? *Identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation *Confirm solution will achieve the project goals *Implement and verify the solution

Answer 34

I=Improve

Question 35

Which part of DMAIC is described below? *Sustain the improvements *Establish KPIs and processes to monitor *Document and share best practices *Continually assess and update

Answer 35

C=Control

Question 36

Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called _____ a) FMEA b) 5S c) DMAIC d) VSM e) PDCA

Answer 36

c) DMAIC

Question 37

During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline? a) Define b) Improve c) Measure d) Control e) Analyze

Answer 37

c) Measure

Question 38

During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed? a) Define b) Improve c) Measure d) Control e) Analyze

Answer 38

e) Analyze

Question 39

During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined? a) Define b) Improve c) Measure d) Control e) Analyze

Answer 39

a) Define

Question 40

During which phase of the DMAIC does the implementation take place? a) Define b) Improve c) Measure d) Control e) Analyze

Answer 40

b) Improve