PDD Flashcards
1
Q
Used at the head of an aluminum storefront system to accommodate the deflection of the structure
A
slip joint
2
Q
Types of Cement
A
I - Standard Cement - used for most general construction
II - Modified Cement - used in places where a modest amount of sulfate resistance is needed and heat of hydration needs to be controlled (i.e. dams, massive structures)
III - High-early-strength Cement - used where a quick set is needed; also suitable for cold weather concrete because it has a higher heat of hydration
IV - Low-heat Cement - used in massive structures to minimize cracking; slow setting
V - Sulfate-resisting Cement - used for structures that will be exposed to water or soil with a high alkaline content
3
Q
Precast concrete members can be a maximum of ___ ft wide
A
14 ft
4
Q
Materials or assemblies with a high noise reduction coefficient (NRC) generally have a ___
A
low STC
5
Q
Reinforcing rebar size numbers equal the number of ____ of an inch across the diameter
A
eighths
6
Q
What is used to minimize corner chipping of concrete?
A
chamfer strips
7
Q
In masonry walls, water is prevented from seeping back into the wall through capillary action by using what?
A
drips
8
Q
Asphalt impregnated building paper is used under siding primarily to
A
increase the water resistance of the wall
9
Q
A joint that is typically used where an addition meets an existing building to allow the two sections to move independently of one another is called an
A
isolation joint
10
Q
A weak section intentionally created in the slab so that normal temperature and stress cracking will occur along the joint instead of at random locations
A
control joint
11
Q
Occurs wherever there are two successive pours
A
construction joint
12
Q
Allows entire sections of a concrete structure to move independently of one another - complex fabrications
A
expansion joint
13
Q
Method of forming that moves as the concrete cures - used to form continuous surfaces such as tunnels and high rise building cores
A
slip forming
14
Q
Types of Cement Mortar
A
N - most commonly used for exterior, above grade walls exposed to severe weather
S - suitable for at or below grade applications due to its higher compressive strength
M - has highest compressive strength and is recommended for harder stone and walls bearing heavy loads
O - limited to interior non-load-bearing walls, tuck pointing, and historic structures
15
Q
Types of Brick
A
SW - Severe Weathering
MW - Moderate weathering
NW - negligible weathering
16
Q
Two broad categories of specifications
A
Prescriptive Specifications - specify brand names and tell the contractor exactly what product or material to use
Performance Specifications - tell what results the final construction assembly should achieve
17
Q
Types of prescriptive specifications
A
Proprietary specifications - most restrictive and require use of a specific manufacturer’s product
Base bid with alternates - calls out a product but allows the substitution of other products that the contractor determines to be equal to the one stated
18
Q
Specification type that encourages competitive bidding
A
performance specifications
19
Q
Types of performance specifications
A
Descriptive specification - gives detailed descriptions of material or product but does not mention trade names
20
Q
Plywood veneer grades
A
N - freeform defects but is only available on special order
A - smooth and paintable with few knots or defects and is most commonly available
B - allows for plugged knotholes but has a smooth surface
C - allows small knotholes and some splits
D - allows for larger knotholes
21
Q
What type of plywood is used for roof sheathing
A
C-D Exterior
22
Q
Architectural woodwork for installation in the south-western United States should have a moisture content of
A
4-9%
23
Q
What is the building code requirement for pairs of exit doors with astragals?
A
coordinator
24
Q
According to most building codes, horizontal masonry reinforcement is required every ___ inches
A
16 inches
25
What is the most important fire-resistance property of a CMU partition
equivalent thickness
26
The solid thickness that would result if the concrete contained in a hollow unit were recast without core holes
equivalent thickness
27
The allowable stress ratings for lumber in the building codes are based primarily on what?
species
28
Which pedestrian walk material provides the best positive grade-level drainage away from a building
concrete
29
Difference in pressure between the top and bottom of a building due to a temperature differential
stack effect
30
The part of a building envelope that controls infiltration and exfiltration
Air barrier
31
Transfers heat between two airstreams through the use of a heat exchanger wheel
Energy transfer wheels (enthalpy heat exchangers)
32
How to calculate the needed capacity of a refrigeration machine in tons
calculated total heat gain in Bty/hr / 12,000
33
Types of metal conduit
Rigid steel conduit
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC)
Electric metallic tubing (EMT) / flex
34
used to allow outdoor air to be used for cooling when temperatures are low enough; adjusts dampers on the return air ducts and fresh air intakes
economizer cycle
35
Efficiency of a luminaire in a particular space
coefficient of utilization
36
Which type of pipe is used for sanitary lines in nonresidential buildings
cast iron
37
Types of fire extinguishers
```
A - Cloth, wood, rubber, paper, plastics
B - Gasoline, grease, oil
C - Electrical fires
D - Combustible metals
K - Kitchen fires
```
38
An architect is designing a decorative wood grille wall covering in a building lobby. The grille is attached to a gypsum board partition with metal clips. Which item should be checked first?
flame - spread rating
39
Uniform Drawing System (UDS) standard organization of construction drawings
```
General
Hazardous materials
survey/mapping
geotechnical
Civil
Landscape
Structural
Architectural
Interiors
Equipment
Fire protection
Plumbing
Mechanical
Electrical
```
40
Organization of architectural drawings
```
Title and Index
demo plan
floor plans
rcp
roof plans
exterior elevations
interior elevations
building sections
wall sections
exterior details
interior details
```
41
Elements of the contract documents
Addendums, general conditions of the contract, change orders, specifications, AIA docs
42
Five characters used to identify a drawing sheet
AANNN
AA - Discipline designator
N -Sheet type designator
NN - Sheet sequence number
43
Letter designations for consultants on drawing sheets
```
A - Architectural
E - Electrical
FP - Fire Protection
I - Interiors
M - Mechanical
S - Structural
```
44
Digit designations for drawing types
```
0 - general
1 - plans
2 - elevations
3 - sections
4 - large scale views
5 - details
6 - schedules and diagrams
7 & 8 - user-defined drawing types that don't fall into other categories
9 - 3D representations
```
45
A bound book or series of volumes containing all contract and non contract documents for a construction project other than the drawings
project manual
- bidding requirements
- contract information (owner-contractor agreement, bond forms, etc)
- general and supplementary conditions of the contract
- technical specifications
46
14 Specification Divisions
```
00 - Procurement and contracting requirements
01 - General requirements
02 - Existing Conditions
03 - Concrete
04 - Masonry
05 - Metals
06 - Wood, Plastics, Composites
07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
08 - Openings
09 - Finishes
10 - Specialties
11 - Equipment
12 - Furnishings
13 - Special Construction
14 - Conveying Equipment
```
47
The procedure for submitting shop drawings for architectural woodwork is specified in MasterFormat Division __?
01
48
Design strength of concrete in psi after curing for 28 days
3000psi
49
minimum clear floor space for one stationary wheelchair
30x48
50
Internal resistance to deformation
stress
51
Walls designed to carry lateral loads
shear walls
52
Column and beam lines designed to carry wind loads are called
bents
53
The direct wind pressure on a vertical surface is directly proportional to
the square of the wind velocity
54
3 series of open web steel joists
K - Standard
LH - long span
DLH - deep long span
55
span to depth ration of a plywood diaphragm system
4:1
56
When designing for wind forces, maximum drift should be limited to ___ of a building's height
1/500
57
concrete slab where reinforcement is run in one direction perpendicular to the beams supporting the slab
one way slab
58
concrete slab where rebars run in both directions and the applied loads are distributed in all directions; must use square column bays
two way slab
59
Types of retaining walls
Gravity wall
Cantilever wall
Counterfort wall
60
type of retaining wall that resists the forces on it by its own weight and by soil pressure and friction against its surface opposite to the earth forces - most used for low retaining walls up to 10 '
gravity wall
61
type of retaining wall constructed of reinforced concrete - resists forces by the weight of the structure as well as by the weight of the soil on the heel of the base slab - used for walls 20-25' tall
cantilever wall
62
type of retaining wall used for higher walls greater than 20-25' - reinforced concrete webs spaced equal distances to act as diagonal bracing for the wall
counterfort wall
63
the space between a suspended ceiling and the structural floor or roof
Plenum
64
A device that absorbs heat from a cooler location and transfers it to a warmer one using the principles of refrigeration
heat pump
65
for site grading on a project, slopes for permanent fill are not to be steeper than 1 vertical unit for how any horizontal units?
2
66
Which is more formal - arbitration or mediation
arbitration
67
Efficiency of a luminaire in a particular space is represented by its
coefficient of utilization
68
Types of lighting systems
```
direct
semidirect
direct-indirect
general diffuse
semi-indirect
indirect
```
69
best type of piping system to use for hydronic distribution when the needs are efficiency and comfort control
series perimeter loop system
70
type of test used to measure the permeability of soil
percolation test
71
An area where effluent seeps from the drain tiles into the soil
leaching field
72
most effective way to reduce stormwater runoff
reduce the amount of impervious area
73
What duct shape is the most desirable?
Round - it has the lowest friction allowance; next best shape is square
74
Which type of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?
Metal halide
75
portion of the soil stack above the highest plumbing fixture - open to the outside at the top
stack vent
76
collection of vents from a number of fixtures that share one exterior outlet
vent stack
77
an area of the plumbing that can be accessed to clear obstructions from the system
cleanout
78
a flap that opens to admit air if there is a suction in a water pipe, which prevents siphoning of wastewater back into the clean water supply system
vacuum breaker
79
criteria to consider when designing location for mechanical room
- each mechanical room should have at least one exterior wall
- the boiler room should be adjacent to the chilled water plant
- ceilings should be at least 12' high
80
duct shape that is the most efficient and offers the smallest possible perimeter for the same cross sectional area (minimizing friction and pressure loss)
round
81
what type of detectors monitor smoke
photoelectric detectors
82
type of detector that sounds an alarm when they sense the products of combustion
ionization detector
83
pieces of equipment used to allow trucks with various bed heights to be serviced from the same dock
dock leveler
84
lamp type with the longest life span
high-pressure sodium
85
lamp type with the shortest life span
incandescent bulb
86
Common sound intensity levels
0 db threshold of hearing, through 130 db the threshold of pain
87
minimum width of a lobby (between elevators)
10 feet
88
In calculating solar heat gain what values must be known?
design cooling factor & the area of the glass
89
A two way concrete slab is normally reinforced for
bending moment in both directions
90
Adding a shear key to the base of a cantilever retaining wall helps to prevent what?
sliding of the wall
91
A positive bending moment at a section of a beam implies ___ stress in the top fibers of the beam and ___ stress in the bottom fibers of the beam
compression; tension
92
What is the purpose of gravel under and on outside of basement walls and slab
to reduce hydrostatic pressure
93
The water force exerted on structures
hydrostatic pressure
94
angled piece of blocking that eases the transition between the roof deck and the parapet wall
cant strip
95
The maximum spacing between lateral ties of a reinforced concrete column should be the least of what three dimensions
- 16 times the reinforcing bar diameter
- 48 times the tie diameter
- least dimension of the column
96
A soft story is a story in which the lateral stiffness is less than ___% of that in the story above or less than ___% of the average stiffness of the stories above
70%; 80%
97
Equation for calculating the thickness of a cantilevered concrete slab
h=L/10 ; answer should be in inches, L would need to be multiplied by 12in/ft
98
Factors that affect the allowable shear value in a diaphragm system made of steel deck
- thickness of steel deck
- size of welds and other connections between deck and framing
- spacing of welds and other connections between deck and framing
- presence of concrete topping
99
Epoxy coated reinforcing bars are used when the concrete will be exposed to what?
chlorides (i.e. salts)
applications - parking garages, fishing piers, exterior concrete stairs, cold climate highway paving floor slab
100
best concrete finish for slip resistance
broom finish
101
mortar type that should be specified for exterior applications at or below grade
M
102
Restrictions on surface finishes in all model codes are primarily based on what?
location in the building and occupancy group
103
Equation for calculating thermal conductivity (U-value)
U = 1/R
104
How are the diagonal members of the x-bracing of a tall structure designed to minimize costs?
one diagonal brace is designed to be stressed in tension, while the other is not stressed
105
What is used to keep water from penetrating an expansion joint at the intersection of a roof and wall
counterflashing
106
On floors subject to deflection, granite installations should include what?
membrane
107
Requirements of the NFPA for portable fire extinguishers
- Cabinets must have a vision panel or be clearly marked
- Extinguishers must be tested regularly and have an approved label
- when extinguishers are required, no occupant may be more than 75 ft from a fire extinguisher
108
A wall mounted object placed more than 27 inches above the floor cannot protrude more than __ inches from the wall
4 inches
109
Minimum width of the required floor area on the pull side of a door
18 inches
110
Requirements for testing of installed systems are in part __ of each technical section of a specification
Part 3
111
Minimum depth required for a hearth & min extensions on either side of fireplace opening
16 Inch min. depth
| 8" extension on either side of the opening
112
process of applying heat to a tile to fuse the material and make it denser
vitrification ; commonly used for a way to specify water absorption of tile
113
___ hinges are always required for fire-rated doors
ball-bearing hinges
114
the standardized levels of finish in the gypsum wall board industry refer to the what?
number of coats of joint compound used
115
materials or systems of materials used to seal penetrations through fire walls or smoke barriers
firestops;
depending on wall type - silicone foam, mortar, mineral wool
116
best sealant to use between exterior precast concrete wall panels
polyurethane - allows for the most joint movement
117
How to calculate degree days
by comparing the base temperature to the average temperature on a specific date in a specific location
118
An average of a barrier's ability to reduce sound over several frequency bands
Sound transmission class
119
Ranges of STC ratings
25 - normal speech can clearly be heard through barrier
30 - loud speech can be heard and understood; normal speech can be heard but not understood
35 - loud speech is not intelligible but can be heard
42-45 - loud speech can only be faintly heard; normal speech cannot be heard
45-50 - loud speech is not audible; loud sounds can only be heard faintly
120
Equation for Power
P = VI(PF)
Power = Voltage x Current (Power Factor)
121
The best measure to use when evaluating how well a window assembly prevents heat gain is the
solar heat gain coefficient
122
ratio of solar heat gain through a window to the amount of solar radiation striking the window
solar heat gain coefficient
123
1 psi is needed to lift water ___ ft
2.3 ft
124
codes limit the number of conductors permitted in a conduit for which reasons
- to control heat buildup in the conduit
| - to prevent damage to the conductors when they are pulled through the conduit
125
Division 1 specification sections do what?
establish administrative procedures for the project
126
amount that an element of a building is permitted to be "off" from the specified dimension
tolerance
127
3 part specification format developed by CSI
general, products, and execution
128
light gage metal framing for interior partitions is specified in which division?
09 - Finishes
129
Installing a sprinkler system in a new building adds __% to the total construction cost
1-1.5%
130
For an 80,000 sf office building, __% of total construction budget will go to mechanical and electrical
30% - equally divided between mechanical and electrical
For smaller office building, 20%
131
Footing depth is determined by
- design requirements
- soil capacity
- frost depth
132
Where should transverse reinforcement be located in a footing
located directly under the continuous rebars in the footings and between the continuous rebar runs that are parallel with the footing
133
L-shaped rebars that connect a CMU foundation wall to a footing
dowels
134
A synthetic membrane made of a polymer used to reinforce soils behind retaining walls
geogrid
135
Elements of a concrete block retaining wall that connect the blocks together
fiberglass pins
136
Spacing of anchor bolts as specified by IRC
6 ft
137
ACI requires a minimum of __ inches of concrete cover to protect rebar
3 inches
138
I joists are typically used for spans of ___ ft
16-20 ft
139
Dimensional lumber is typically used for spans of ___ ft
15-20 ft
140
Wood material used for spans longer than 20 ft
LVL or glu lam
141
Equation for calculating total load
dead load + live load
142
Equation for calculating load per linear foot on each beam
total load x tributary width
143
How to calculate total load on a column
Step 1 - Sum the dead and live loads
Step 2 - Total load of beam x tributary area
Step 3 - Calculate support reactions by dividing total beam load by 2
Step 4 - Do same steps for other beam
Step 5 - Sum the support reactions
144
What is the required minimum concrete thickness above footing rebars
6 inches
145
Calculating the size of an HVAC system involves
- knowing the needed capacity of the heating and cooling equipment
- determining the size of the mechanical spaces needed
- layout for distribution
146
The air handler is located in the
Fan room
147
In a medium to large building using an all air or air water system, the mechanical room should have a floor area equal to ___% to ___% of the total building area being served
3-10%
148
Concept of fire and life safety - by containing a fire limiting its spread, building occupants can escape and other parts of the building can be protected from fire damage
Compartmentation
149
Vertical panel made from fire resistive materials that is attached to the ceiling that is immediately adjacent to an opening
Curtain board
Or
Draft stop
150
Four types of sprinkler systems
Wet pipe - most common
Dry pipe - used in areas subject to freezing
Pre-action - similar time dry pipe but water is allowed into system before sprinkler head has opened
Deluge - activate all the sprinkler heads in an area at once
151
3 types of intrusion detection
- perimeter protection
- area or room protection
- object protection
152
Methods for increasing IIC value of a floor
- add carpet
- provide resilient suspended ceiling below
- float a finished floor on resilient pads over the structural floor
- provide sound absorbing material in the air space between the floor and the finished ceiling
153
Random distribution of sound from a surface
Diffusion
154
Return of sound waves from a surface
Reflection
155
Vertical loads due to the weight of the building and any permanent equipment
Dead loads
156
Loads imposed on a building by the buildings particular use and occupancy and are generally considered movable or temporary
Live loads
157
Types of glass
Annealed glass / float glass
Tempered glass - when it breaks it shatters into small pieces and is laminated; good for applications where glass can break and a person is close
Laminated - many sheets with film between (good for sky lights); also helps to reduce sound
158
How big is a square of roofing?
100sf
159
3 types of stress
Tension
Compression
Shear
160
Stress in which the particles of the member tend to pull apart under load
Tension
161
Stress in which the particles of the member are pushed together and the member tends to shorten
Compression
162
Stress in which the particles of a member slide past each other
Shear
163
With tension and compression the force acts _____ to the area of the material resisting force
Perpendicular
164
With shear the force acts ___ to the area resisting force
Parallel
165
The change in vertical posterior of a beam due to a load
Deflection
-amount of deflection depends on the load, beam length, moment of inertia, modulus of elasticity
166
Distance from grade to bottom of a pipe
Invert
167
Types of hydronic distribution systems
- one-pipe system (traditional steam radiator system)
- two-pipe direct return system
- two-pipe reverse return system
- series perimeter loop system
168
Key consideration when considering a location for a mechanical system in a 10 story office building
The most desirable and preferred areas for leasable office space (edges of the building where there is daylight, views, and natural ventilation)
169
Measures the permeability of soil
percolation test
170
An area where effluent seeps from the drain tiles into the soil
leaching field
171
A private waste disposal system generally consists of ___ and ___
Septic tank and leaching field
172
Liquid portion left in the septic tank after the solid sewage matter settles to the bottom
effluent
173
Any area of building or paving that does not allow stormwater to seep into the ground
impervious area
174
Which type of high intensity discharge lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?
Metal halide lamps
175
What combination of daylighting and electric lighting would be the most appropriate choice for a painting studio
north facing windows
skylights
fixtures with high color rendering index fluorescent lamps
176
Weatherstripping affects what?
Infiltration
177
What device would best control entry to a secure laboratory
card reader
178
What types of fire protection is most appropriate for an elementary school
- ionization detector
- photoelectric detector
- laser beam detector
these are best because they detect at the smoke/smoldering stage and would give enough warning
179
What technique should be recommended when dealing with historic buildings and fragile old building materials?
The least destructive technique
180
Removing missing or deteriorating mortar and replacing with compatible mortar that is restrict to shed water from the joints
repointing or tuck pointing
181
used to provide adjustability for various sized trucks
dock levelers
placed in a pit at the edge of a dock and a steel panel is adjusted up or down to provide a ramp from he the dock to the level of the truck
182
Access floor system consists of what components
- modular panels
- pedestals
- lifting devices
- (sometimes stringers)
183
Factor published by ASHRAE that takes into account several variables:
- type of glazing
- type of interior shading
- outdoor design temperature
Design cooling load factor
184
In a one-way slab, the reinforcement is placed for bending moment in what direction?
the short direction
185
What type of diaphragm has the largest allowable shear value
diaphragm that consists of a 6 inch concrete slab
186
The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies in a state of equilibrium
statics
187
Said to exist when the resultant of any number of forces acting on a body is zero
equilibirum
188
Any action applied to an object
force (i.e. loads)
189
The internal structure of a building material must resist external loads with internal forces of their own that are equal in magnitude and of opposite sign. These external loads are called ____.
internal resistance to an external force.
stresses
190
Stress in which the particles of the member tend to pull apart under load
tension
191
stress in which the particles of the member are pushed together and the member tends to shorten
compression
192
stress in which the particles of a member slide past each other
shear
193
With tension and compression, the force acts ___ to the area of the material resisting the force
perpendicular
194
With shear, the force acts ___ to the area resisting the force
parallel
195
f = P/A
Formula for calculating stress
Stress is expressed as force per unit area and is determined by dividing the total force applied to the total area
196
The point at which the material continues to deform with very little increase in load
yield point
197
Measure of a material's resistance to deformation, or its stiffness
Modulus of elasticity
198
Tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point
moment
199
Product of the force times the perpendicular distance to the point about which it is acting
moment
200
A portion of the structure that is extracted when analyzing structures and represent the forces acting on it with force vectors
free body diagram
201
3 basic principles of equilibrium
- The sum of all vertical forces acting on a body equals zero
- The sum of all horizontal forces acting on a body equals zero
- The sum of all moments acting on a body or the moment of all forces about a point on the body equals zero
202
If a force tends to cause a clockwise rotation, the resulting moment is said to be ___
positive
203
If a force tends to cause a counterclockwise rotation, the resulting moment is said to be ___
negative
204
A graphic representation of the values of the vertical shear anywhere along a beam
Shear diagram
205
Shear diagram for a uniformly distributed load is
angular (sloped line)
206
Shear diagram for a point load is
rectangular
207
Moment diagram for a point load is
angular (sloped line)
208
Moment diagram for a uniformly distributed load is
curved
209
Graphic representation of the moment at all points along a beam
moment diagram
210
the algebraic sum of the moments of the forces to the left of the section under consideration and is the value of force times distance
how to find moment at any point
211
Maximum moment occurs where the shear diagram
crosses zero
212
The strongest type of column is one that is
fixed against both rotation and translation
213
The weakest type of column is one that is
free to move at one end
214
For a cantilevered beam with a point load, the moment diagram should
Be sloped, with zero being at the end of the point load because the moment at this location would equal zero
215
How to calculate the tributary area of an interior column
Calculate area of adjacent spans
216
What is the recommended minimum embedment depth for anchor bolts connecting a steel base plate to a concrete footing
8 inches
217
What is the purpose of gravel against a basement wall and slab
to reduce hydrostatic pressure
-the gravel provides open spaces for any water to lose its pressure and drip to drains near the footing
218
When soil near grade level is unsuitable for spread footings, what type of foundations are used?
pile foundations
-these transmit building loads through the unsuitable soil to a more secure bearing with end bearing side friction
219
Distance from the top of a footing to the centroid of the reinforcing steel
```
effective depth
(since the concrete below the steel does not contribute any structural properties
```
220
Two ways a retaining wall can fail
overturning or sliding
221
Two ways to design a retaining wall to reduce the build up of water behind them
providing weep holes near the bottom of the wall
| providing a layer of gravel next to the back of the wall
222
Two types of timber connectors
split rings and shear plates
223
Two most common methods in use for making steel connections
bolting and welding
224
The height from the nosing to the top of a handrail must be between
34 and 38 inches
225
Decorative trim produced in a shop or mill and delivered to the job site
millwork
226
Detailed carpentry completed on site, including installation of the millwork
Finish carpentry
227
Solid or laminated lumber laid on its face spanning between members
decking
228
A number of individual pieces of lumber glued together and finished under factory conditions for use as beams, columns, purlins and other structural uses
glue laminated wood members
229
Property that allows steel to withstand excessive deformations, due to high tensile stresses without failure
ductility
230
Concrete floor slab finish intended for outdoor surfaces and interior slabs that will become the substrate for a finish material that does not require a perfectly smooth underlayment, such as carpet or tile
float finish
231
Concrete floor slab finish type that are very smooth and can be sealed or painted to become the final floor finish or used as a substrate for a finish that requires a perfectly smooth surface like vinyl
troweled finish
232
Mortar type best for exterior applications above grade and for interior load bearing walls
Type N or S
233
Mortar type best suited for interior and protected exterior non load bearing partitions
Type O
234
concrete produces heat while it cures
heat of hydration
235
Three types of tests for concrete
slump test - measures the consistency
cylinder test - measures compressive strength
core cylinder test - used when a portion of the structure is in place and cured
236
Critical components of a primary hydraulic elevator system
- car support rails
- elevator pit
- piston
237
Critical components of a primary traction elevator
- hoisting cables
- counterweights
- penthouse machine room
238
What type of glass has less of a green tint than clear glass
low-iron clear glass
239
If a project has come in over budget in a 95% cost estimate, prior to the bidding phase what should the architect recommend to the owner?
Incorporate design alternates into the documents
240
How will you know if a wall type is 2 hour rated
2 layers of gypsum board
241
A client for a publicly funded project has requested the specifications be written in a way to promote competition and maximize client value. What method of specifying should be considered?
Descriptive, performance, reference
Good because each of these methods do not list specific products and materials by name, and would promote competition among manufacturers and allow the owner to receive maximum value
242
Product used for producing specifications
MasterSpec
243
How to calculate width of egress stair for a space with multiple egress stairs
- Divide total number of occupants by the number of exits
| - Multiply number of occupants by the egress capacity factors found in the code
244
maximum rise of a ramp before landings are needed
30 inches
245
Used to describe a period of time with maximum conditions that an HVAC system was designed to accommodate and maintain the desired indoor air temperature and humidity
Design day
It is colder than 95% of the days
246
Beyond what decibel level does sound start to become harmful?
85
247
Which construction types are required to have non combustible exterior wall assemblies
I, II, III, IV
248
What specification division would steel concrete reinforcement be in?
Division 03
249
What specification division should signage be located in
10 - Specialties
250
Handrails are required to resist a concentrated load of what?
200 pounds
251
What metals are most resistant to oxidization
Gold, Silver
252
An area/volume estimate is a type of cost estimating used during what phase of design
Schematic design (because of lack of details available)
253
How can efflorescence be prevented?
Furnishing adequate weather protection during construction
254
An area of refuge is required to be what size
30x48
255
The process of rebuilding or strengthening the foundation of an existing building
Underpinning
256
Required in wood framing to secure the wall and floor framing to the foundation against uplifting wind or seismic forces
Sill plate anchors (or hold downs)
257
Thin continuous pieces of sheet metal or other impervious material installed to prevent the passage or water into a structure from an angle or a joint
Flashing
258
Exposed flashing consists of
A sheet metal and expansion joints
259
Flashing concealed within a construction assembly may be of
Sheet metal or waterproofing membrane
260
Manifestation of surface tension by which the greater adhesion of liquid to a solid surface than internal cohesion of the liquid itself causes the liquid to be elevated against a vertical surface
Capillary action
261
Categories of how exterior walls deter water penetration
1. Mass wall systems (concrete, masonry) - shed rain at exterior face, and absorb the remainder that is released as vapor
2. Barrier wall systems (EIFS) - relies on a continuous seal at the exterior face, which requires ongoing maintenance
3. Drainage walls (stucco) - utilize a drainage plane or moisture barrier between the exterior cladding and supporting wall for moisture resistance
4. Rainscreen walls - consists of outer layer of cladding, an air cavity, and a drainage plane on a rigid, water resistant, and airtight support wall
262
An exterior wall supported by the steel or concrete structural frame of a building and carrying no load other than its own weight and wind loads
Curtain wall
263
____ air is capable of holding more moisture vapor and has a higher dew point than ____
Warm air; cold air
264
Moisture vapor always migrates from ___ to ___ pressure areas
High to low (because it is a gas)
265
The bottom ___ inches of doors should have a smooth uninterrupted surface to allow door to be opened by a wheelchair footrest
12 inches
266
Door operating hardware should be easy to grasp with one hand and mounted at a maximum height of ___ inches above the floor
48”
267
Minimum clear width for all doorways
32”
