Pe Topic 1 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the 6 main functions of the skeleton?
- Protection
- Movement
- Shape/Structure
- Mineral storage
- Blood cell production
Name the 5 types of bones and a sporting example for each.
Fibrous (immovable – skull)
Cartilaginous (slightly movable – spine)
Synovial (freely movable – knee)
What are the 3 types of joints?
- Fibrous (immovable – skull)
2. Cartilaginous (slightly movable – spine)
3. Synovial (freely movable – knee)
Name 4 features of a synovial joint.
Synovial fluid
2. Cartilage
3. Ligaments
4. Joint capsule
Give examples of synovial joints and their movement.
Hinge joint – elbow/knee (flexion & extension)
• Ball and socket – shoulder/hip (flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction)
What are antagonistic pairs?
Muscles that work together – one contracts (agonist), the other relaxes (antagonist).
🔁 E.g. biceps and triceps
What are the 3 planes of movement?
Sagittal – forward/back (e.g. sprinting)
2. Frontal – side to side (e.g. star jumps)
3. Transverse – rotational (e.g. discus throw)
What are the axes?
Longitudinal – spin (ice skating)
2. Transverse – somersault
3. Frontal – cartwheel
What are the main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
What is the double circulatory system?
Pulmonary circulation – heart to lungs and back
2. Systemic circulation – heart to body and back
What’s the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries: carry blood away, thick walls, high pressure
• Veins: carry blood to heart, valves, lower pressure
What is the pathway of air into the lungs?
Nose → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
Where does gaseous exchange take place?
In the alveoli (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
What muscles are used in breathing?
Inhalation: intercostal muscles & diaphragm contract
Exhalation: they relax
What happens to the body during exercise?
Heart rate increases
• Breathing rate increases
• Body temperature rises
