Pearson chapter 28

Question 1

carrier

Answer 1

an asymptomatic individual who is infected with and can transmit a communicable disease.

Question 2

communicable disease

Answer 2

infectious disease that can be spread from person to person through direct or indirect contact. Also called contagious disease

Question 3

disease period

Answer 3

the phase of an infection in which the individual has signs and symptoms.

Question 4

exudate

Answer 4

material that has seeped out of injured or inflamed tissues or blood vessels.

Question 5

fomite

Answer 5

an inanimate object that can transfer infectious material, resulting in disease.

Question 6

fulminant

Answer 6

severe, with a rapid onset.

Question 7

immunocompromise

Answer 7

the suppression of immune system function, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection and cancers.

Question 8

incubation period

Answer 8

the time from exposure to an infectious disease to the onset of signs and symptoms.

Question 9

latent

Answer 9

inactive or dormant

Question 10

normal flora

Answer 10

micro-organisms that normally inhabit the body without producing disease.

Question 11

nosocomial infection

Answer 11

an infection acquired in a health care setting.

Question 12

opportunistic infections

Answer 12

diseases that occur from pathogens that are normally destroyed by the immune system or kept in check by normal flora

Question 13

vector

Answer 13

an animal or insect that can spread diseases from one organism to another.

Question 14

virulent

Answer 14

strong, able to overcome body defenses.

Question 15

window phase

Answer 15

the period of time between infectious disease exposure and development of detectable amounts of antibody; the disease may be transmissible during this time.

Question 16

Direct transmission

Answer 16

Infected person in contact with, or close proximity to,
another person

Question 17

Indirect transmission

Answer 17

Infected person contaminates fomite that another
person comes in contact

Question 18

Hepatitis A & E

Answer 18

pread through fecal–oral route,
including contaminated food

Question 19

Hepatitis B, C, D & G

Answer 19

spread through blood; body fluids;
and shared drug, acupuncture, and tattoo needles

Question 20

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 20

Spread through respiratory droplets. Manifests as respiratory disease. Can affect many different parts of body

Question 21

Pneumonia

Answer 21

Viruses, fungi, strains of bacteria infection. Often localized to one lobe of lung.

Question 22

SARS

Answer 22

Coronavirus infection that causes acute pneumonia-
like illness

Question 23

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Answer 23

Serious, sometimes fatal disease that causes
coughing fits and characteristic “whooping” sound

Question 24

Bubonic plague and hantavirus

Answer 24

Carried by rodents, occasionally occur in U.S. Southwest

Question 25

Domestic arboviruses

Answer 25

transmitted to humans by insects cause of infectious encephalitis

Question 26

Croup

Answer 26

viral illness causes inflammation of airways laryngotracheobronchitis. “seal bark”

Question 27

Epiglottitis

Answer 27

Rare bacterial infection causes swelling of epiglottis – Vaccine available

Question 28

Mumps

Answer 28

Viral infection that affects glandular tissue

Question 29

Measles and rubella

Answer 29

Viral illnesses that cause fever and rash

Question 30

Chickenpox (varicella)

Answer 30

Viral disease in herpes family; general malaise and itchy, fluid-filled blisters on skin that later crust and scab

Question 31

Meningitis

Answer 31

Inflammation and swelling of meninges that surround the central nervous system

Question 32

Encephalitis

Answer 32

inflammation of brain tissue. West Nile virus ▪St. Louis encephalitis ▪Eastern equine encephalitis ▪Herpesvirus ▪Toxoplasmosis

Question 33

Tularemia

Answer 33

identified as a potential weapon of bioterrorism—highly infectious and significant morbidity.

Question 34

Botulism

Answer 34

Paralysis by blocking release of acetylcholine in motor neurons. Caused by low-acidity canned foods that are improperly processed

Question 35

Mononucleosis

Answer 35

Viral infection causes fever and fatigue – Affects upper respiratory system

Question 36

Scabies

Answer 36

caused by mite that burrows under skin and lays eggs – Causes rash with intense itching – Transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact with infected person

Question 37

Lice

Answer 37

tiny insects that infest body, using hair shafts to deposit eggs (nits) – Infestation with lice: pediculosis – Head, pubic, body lice – Spread by close contact with infected persons

Question 38

Ringworm (tinea corporis)

Answer 38

not worm at all but fungus that results in itching, circular lesions on skin – Spread through direct contact with infected person, contaminated soil, infected pet

Question 39

Impetigo

Answer 39

caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria

Question 40

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 40

Resistant to antibiotics used to treat staphylococcal infections – Affects skin

Question 41

Gonorrhea

Answer 41

Bacterial infection that causes painful urination and purulent urethral discharge in men; asymptomatic in women

Question 42

Syphilis

Answer 42

acterial infection transmitted sexually; can be transmitted through contact with lesions – Untreated infected women can pass infection to fetus: congenital syphilis

Question 43

Chlamydia

Answer 43

Caused by organism that has characteristics of bacteria but lives within cells – Can affect eyes and respiratory system – Spread through secretions and sexual contact