PECS

Question 1

Who developed it?

Answer 1

Bondy and Frost

Question 2

Who is the programme intended to be used with?

Answer 2

Non-verbal and limited speech

Question 3

What does it aim to improve?

Answer 3

Functional communication

Question 4

How does it work?

Answer 4

Determined what the child likes/dislikes, child is then observed, child then learns to exchange a picture for a desired item, then learns this across different distances and persists when request not immediantly granted, learns to discriminate between picture cards and choose the correct one, learns to combine cards to form sentences, learns to respond to questions using picture cards such as what do you want?, then learns to comment on what they are doing by exchanging picture cards.

Question 5

What charlop- christy find?

Answer 5

Use of Pecs in 3 boys, found all children had improved speech, one improved from 28-100%, was still shown 12 months later

Question 6

What did Flippin et al find?

Answer 6

Meta analysis of 11 studies, limited support for long term effectiveness on improving communication, in some cases had a negative improvement

Question 7

What are social implications?

Answer 7

Costly- not all will be able to afford

Question 8

What are ethical implications?

Answer 8

Removes freedom from child (rewards)
Child is likely to enjoy and reinforces identify what the child is interested in