Pectoral Region, Axilla, Arm Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
anterior axioappendicular muscles
A
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
serratus anterior
2
Q
function of anterior axioappendicular muscles
A
act on pectoral girdle (connects upper limbs to bones along axis)
3
Q
pectoralis major heads
A
clavicular head
sternal head
can work together or separate
4
Q
actions of pectoralis major
A
ADD and MR of humerus
clavicular head - flexion of humerus
sternal head- extension of humerus from flexed postion
5
Q
innervation of pectoralis major
A
medial and lateral pectoral nerve
6
Q
deltopectoral groove
A
area between anterior deltoid and pec major
7
Q
deltopectoral groove contents
A
cephalic vein
8
Q
borders of deltopectoral triangle
A
anterior deltoid
pectoralis major
clavicle
9
Q
contents of deltopectoral traingle
A
cephalic vein
branches of thoracacromial trunk
tip of coracoid process laterally
10
Q
pectoralis minor location
A
inferior to pec major
11
Q
pec minor divides what?
A
axillary artery into its parts
12
Q
actions of pectoralis minor
A
scapular stabilization
accessory muscle of inspiration
13
Q
innervation of pec minor
A
medial pectoral n. (pierces muscle body)
14
Q
subclavius
A
inferior to clavicle
some protection to subclavian vessels and brachial plexus
15
Q
actions of subclavius
A
anchors and depressed clavicle
16
Q
innervation of subclavius
A
N. to subclavius
17
Q
serratus anterior locations
A
sits between subscapularis m and thoracic wall
18
Q
actions of serratus anterior
A
protraction of scapula
upward rotation of scapula (inferior fibers)
fixes scapula against thoracic wall
19
Q
innervation of serratus anterior
A
long thoracic n.
20
Q
boxers muscle
A
serratus anterior
21
Q
artery supplies serratus anterior
A
lateral thoracic artery
22
Q
origin of cephalic vein
A
lateral part of dorsal arch of hand
23
Q
cephalic v. path
A
ascends along lateral aspect
enters deltopectoral groove, then deltopectoral triangle
24
Q
termination of cephalic
A
drains into axillary vein in deltopectoral
25
N. subclavius origin
superior trunk of brachial plexus
26
N to subclavius innervates
subclavius
27
origin of long thoracic nerve
origin C5-7 nerve roots of VPR (ventral primary rami)`
28
long throacic nerve innervates
serratus anterior m
29
lateral pectoral n. origin
lateral cord of brachial plexus
30
lateral pectoral n. innervates
pectorlais major
31
medial pectoral n. origin
medial cord of brachial plexus
32
medial pectoral nerve innervates
pectoralis major and minor
33
mechanism of injury to long thoracic n.
when limb is elevated becomes at risk (knife fight)
mastectomy
idiopathic
34
effect of injury to long thoracic n.
medial border of scapula pulls away from thoracic wall
ABD
sensation - no loss
35
clinical condition of injury to long thoracic nerve
winged scapula
36
actions of pec major as a whole
ADD and medial rotation of humerus
37
where does cephalic v. drain/terminate
axillary vein through deltopectoral triangle
38
what roots form long thoracic n.
C5-C7
39
if long thoracic n. injured what action might become difficult
protraction and upward rotation of scpaula
40
axillary artery origin
direct continuation of subclavian artery
begins at lateral border of 1st rib
41
termination of axillary artery
ends at inferior border of teres major
becomes brachial artery
42
axillary branches
Superior thoracic a.
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic a.
Subscapular a.
Anterior humeral circumflex a.
Posterior humeral circumflex a.
43
5 groups of axillary lymph nodes
pectoral
subscapular
humeral
central
apical
44
pectoral lymph nodes
anterior thoracic wall and breast (75%)
45
subscapular lymph nodes
posterior thoracic wall and scapula
46
humeral lymph nodes
majority of upper limb
47
central lymph nodes
pectoral, subscapular, humeral
48
apical lymph nodes
lymph from central nodes and nodes that follow cephalic v.
49
arrangement of axillary lymph nodes
pyramidal in shape like axilla
pectoral , humeral, and subscapular forms triangular base, flow to central nodes, then to apical nodes
50
which nodes receive all lymph from axillary nodes
supraclavicular nodes
51
brachial plexus location
begins in neck and extends to axilla
exits neck between anterior and middle scalene mm.
52
brachial plexus us union of what?
ventral primary rami of C5-C8 and T1
only ventral, dorsal running posterior
53
roots of superior trunk
C5 and C6
54
roots of middle trunk
C7
55
roots of inferior trunks
C8 and T1
56
divisions of brachial plexus
anterior and posterior
deep to clavicle
57
T1 root is at level of?
1st thoracic vertebrae
58
lateral cord of brachial plexus
anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks
59
posterior cord
posterior division of all trunks
60
medial cord
anterior division of inferior trunk
61
cords are named in relation to?
axillary artery
62
causes of brachial plexus lesions
pathology, trauma, compression
63
upper brachial plexus lesions affects
more proximal mm.
64
lower brachial plexus injuries affects
more distal mm.
65
results of brachial plexus injuries
paralysis- complete or incomplete
anesthesia- inability to feel pain
(or both)
66
upper brachial plexus injury caused by
excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder
67
nerve roots damaged in upper brachial plexus injury
C5- 6, superior trunk
68
associated with upper brachial plexus injury
erb's duchenne's palsy
69
muscles affects in upper brachial plexus injury(erb's duchennes)
supra/infra spinatus, teres minor, deltoid, bicep brachii and brachialis mm.
70
clinical presentation of upper brachial plexus injury (erbs duchennes)
waiters tip
ADD, MR and extention
71
sensory loss in upper brachial plexus injuries
superior lateral brachial cutaneous
lateral antebrachial cutanueou
72
lower brachial plexus injury caused by
(less common)
sudden upward pull on upper limb
grasping something to break fall
baby upper limb being pulled
swinging young child by arm
73
roots affected in lower brachial plexus injury
C8/T1
inferior trunk
74
lower brachial plexus injury palsy
Klumpke's palsy - ulnar n affected
75
clinical presentation of lower brachial plexus injury
claw hand
unopposed action of extensors
76
muscles affected in lower brachial plexus injury
flexor carpi ulnaris m.
flexor digitorum profundus m. (medial 1/2)
77
which side is the hand drawn to in lower brachial plexus injuries
lateral (no opposition to median n.)
78
sensory loss in lower brachial plexus injuries
skin of palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1/2 digits
79
brachium
arm
shoulder to elbow
80
continuities of brachial fascia
pectoral fascia -superiorly
antebrachial fascia - inferiorly
81
compartments of arm
anterior- innervated by musculocutaneous n
posterior - innervated by radial n
82
muscles of anterior compartment of arm
coracobrachialis m
biceps brachii m
brachialis m
83
functions of anterior compartment of arm
flexion and supination
84
muscles of posterior compartment of arm
triceps brachii m
85
function of posterior compartment of arm
extension
86
coracobrachialis
small muscle located superomedially in arm
87
coracobrachialis innervation
pierced by musculocutaneous
88
coracobrachialis function
flexion and ADD of arm
89
biceps brachii heads
long head- lateral
short head- medial
90
biceps brachii joints crossed
long head- shoulder and elbow
short head- just elbow
91
actions of biceps brachii
most powerful supinator of forearm
flexion of supinated forearm
assists with shoulder flexion
92
innervation of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous n
93
long head of biceps passes through?
glenohumeral joint cavity
94
bicipital aponeurosis
from biceps brachii tendon across cubital fossa
merges with antebrachial fascia medially
passes over brachial artery and median n.
95
brachialis location
deep to biceps brachii
96
brachialis m action
primary flexor of forearm
flex in all postitions
97
innervation of brachialis
musculocutaneous and radial n.
98
biceps tendinitis
wear and tear of long head biceps brachii tendon in IT groove
99
causes of biceps tendinitis
repetitive micro trauma
common in sports with a raquet or throwing
100
result of biceps tendinitis
tenderness/pain
crepitus (crackling)
101
rupture of tendon of biceps brachii long head caused by
usually in those 35 and older
chronic tendinitis
repetitive overhead movements (swimming/pitching)
forceful flexion of arm against excessive resistance
102
damage from rupture of tendon of biceps brachii long head
tendon usually tears from supraglenoid tubercle
103
results of rupture of biceps brachii tendon
dramatic snap or pop
detached muscle belly balls up near anterior of arm
"popeye" deformity
104
muscles affected in injury to musculocutaneous n
muscles of anterior compartment of arm
105
functions affected in injury to musculocutaneous n
flexion of elbow
shoulder flexion
supination of forearm
106
sensory loss in injury to musculocutaneous n
anterolateral and posterolateral forearm
via lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
107
triceps brachii heads
long head, lateral head, medial (deep) head
108
joints crossed in triceps brachii
long head - crosses shoulder and elbow
other heads - only elbow
109
actions of triceps brachii
main extensor of forearm
long head assists with shoulder extension
110
innervation of triceps brachii
radial n.
111
anconeous location
on posterolateral aspect of elbow
not considered part of posterior arm or forearm
"homeless"
112
anconeous actions
assists with forearm extension
tenses capsule of elbow joint(keeps it from getting pinched)
113
anconeous innervation
radial n.
114
what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of arm? exception?
musculocutaneous
brachialis - radial n.
115
what artery and nerve lie deep to bicipital aponeurosis?
brachial artery, median n.
116
what muscles in the arm cross the shoulder and elbow joint?
long head of triceps and biceps brachii
117
brachial artery origin
inferior border of teres major
direct continuation of axillary a.
runs with median n through arm
118
termination of brachial artery
radial and ulnar aa in cubital fossa
119
profunda brachii a. origin
1st named branch off of brachial a.
runs with radial n in radial groove
120
cephalic vein
communicates at elbow with median cubital vein
lateral to biceps brachii
121
cephalic vein termination
drains into axillary v. in deltopectoral triangle
122
median cubital vein
commonly used for veinipuncture
cross cubital fossa
joins cephalic and basilic vein
123
musculocutaneous n. origin
lateral cord of brachial plexus
124
musculocutaneous n. path
pierces coracobracialis m.
continues laterally deep to biceps brachii m
125
termination of musculocutaneous n.
lateral to tendon of biceps brachii
lateral antebrachial cutaneous
126
radial n origin
posterior cord of brachial plexus
127
radial n. innervation
posterior compartment of arm
128
radial n. path
transverses radial groove
pierces lateral intermuscular septum
splits at level of lateral epicondyle
129
branches of radial n.
inferior lateral brachial, posterior brachial, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nn.
130
radial n. termination
superficial and deep radial nn.
131
injury to radial n.
most commonly injured nerve
symptoms depend on level of injury
132
injury to radial n. in axilla
superior to origin of all branches
133
muscles affects in injury to radial n. in axilla
triceps brachii, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensors of wrist and digits
134
causes of injury to radial n. in axilla
improper use of crutches
falling asleep with arm over chair (saturday night palsy)
posterior shoulder location
135
characteristic disability of injury to radial n. in axilla
wrist drop
136
sensation loss of injury to radial n. in axilla
areas in red slide 49
137
injury to radial n. at humeral shaft
usually doesn't affect triceps brachii (can weaken)
medial head affected - lose purposeful extension of arm
all posterior forearm mm.
138
causses of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft
fracture to injury at humeral shaft
139
characteristic of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft
wrist drop
140
sensation loss of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft
loss of sensation in dorsum of hand and lateral digits
superficial radial n.
141
cubital fossa borders
brachioradialis - lateral
pronator teres - medial
line between medial and lateral epicondyles - base
supinator and brachialis- floor
skin, fascia, bicipital aponerosis - roof
141
cubital fossa borders
brachioradialis - lateral
pronator teres - medial
line between medial and lateral epicondyles - base
supinator and brachialis- floor
skin, fascia, bicipital aponerosis - roof
142
contents of cubital fossa
brachial a.
deep vv.
biceps brachii t.
median n.
radial n.
143
superficial structures of cubital fossa
median cubital vein- anterior to brachial a.
medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nn.
skin, fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
144
what nerve is found lateral to biceps brachii?/ medial
radial n. / median n.
145
where would loss of sensation be if radial n was injured in axilla?
posterior arm, forearm, dorsum of hand and lateral digits
