Vertebral Column/Back/Shoulder Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Functions of vertebral column
A
protection
support of body weight (superior to pelvis)
axis for body and head
posture and locomotion
2
Q
movements of vertebral column
A
flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation
3
Q
kyphotic regions
A
thoracic and sacral
4
Q
lordotic regions
A
cervical and lumbar
5
Q
primary curvatures
A
thoracic and sacral
6
Q
secondary curvatures
A
cervical and sacral
7
Q
vertebral arch composed of
A
two pedicles and laminae
8
Q
vertebral foramen formed by
A
vertebral arch and body
9
Q
vertebral canal formed by
A
successive foramina from stacked vertebrae
10
Q
intervertebral foramina formed by
A
super and inferior vertebral notches (spinal nerves pass through)
11
Q
bifid configuration in all cervical vertebrae expect
A
C1 and C7
12
Q
transverse costal facet articulates with
A
costal tubercle
13
Q
coastal demifacets articulate with
A
coastal head
14
Q
purpose of accessory process on lumbar vertebrae
A
deep back muscle attachment
15
Q
L1 is level with
A
9th rib
16
Q
attachments of nuchal ligment
A
external occipital tuberance
foramen magnum
spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
17
Q
purpose of nuchal ligament
A
accommodates depth of cervical spinous processes
provides attachment point for muscles that attach to spinous processes
18
Q
supraspinous ligament
A
attaches spinous processes of c7 to sacrum
merges with nuchal ligament
19
Q
ventral horn fibers
A
anterior and motor
20
Q
dorsal horn fibers
A
posterior and sensory
21
Q
carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers from lateral horn
A
ventral horn
22
Q
spinal nerve formed by
A
union of ventral and dorsal roots
23
Q
spinal nerve gives rise to
A
dorsal and ventral rami
24
Q
ventral ramus gives rise to
A
white and gray rami communicates
25
carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers to sympathetic trunk via
white rami
26
ramus that is typically larger
ventral ramus
27
ramus that helps form plexuses
ventral ramus
28
ramus that goes posteriorly
dorsal ramus
29
what does dorsal ramus supply
vertebral column
joints of vc
intrinsic back muscles
suboccipital triangle
sensory to posterior trunk and scalp
30
lordosis caused by
weakened trunk musculature
obesity
pregnancy
31
kyphosis causes
erosion of anterior parts of vertebrae (osteoporosis)
32
affects of kyphosis
loss of height
hunchback
limits thoracic capacity
33
spinous process rotation in scoliosis
SPs rotate toward cavity of abnormal curvature
34
ribs in scoliosis
protrude on side of increased convexity
35
function of extrinsic back muscles
control limbs and minimal respiratory movements
36
intrinsic back muscles function
act on vertebral column
37
superficial back muscles include
trapezius, lattisimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
38
3 parts of trapezius
upper- descending from skull
middle -horizontal
lower - ascending from vertebral column
39
actions of trapezius on scapula
Retraction
Upward rotation
Depression
Elevation
40
innervation of trapezius
spinal accessory n. (CN X1)
41
actions of latissimus dorsi on humerus
medial rotation
extension
adduction
42
"swimmers muscle"
latissimus dorsi
43
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal n.
44
location of levator scapulae
deep to traps
attach at superior angle of scapula
45
actions of levator scapulae
elevation of scapula
stabilization of scapula
46
innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular n
47
rhomboid major location
deep to traps
inferior to rhomboid minor
48
actions of rhomboid major on scapula
Retraction
Elevation
Downward rotation
49
innervation of rhomboid major
dorsal scapular n.
50
rhomboid minor location
deep to traps
superior to rhomboid major
51
rhomboid minor actions (on scapula)
Retraction
Elevation
Downward rotation
52
innervation of rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular n.
53
muscles innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
54
intermediate extrinsic back muscles
serratus posterior superior (deep to rhomboids)
serratus posterior inferior (deep to lats)
55
actions of intermediate extrinsic back muscles
superficial respiratory muscles
keep errectors in place
proprioceptive (sense body movements)
56
general innervation of intermediate extrinsic back muscles
ventral rami (intercostal nn.)
57
borders of triangle of auscultation
medial border of scapula
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
58
clinical importance of triangle of auscultation
good area to hear lung sounds
59
best position of triangle of auscultation
protract and flex trunk
60
which parts of traps m. upwardly rotate the scapula
upper and middle parts
61
which muscles retract the scapula
traps and rhomboids
62
origin of transverse cervical artery
thyrocervical trunk
63
nerve that transverse cervical artery a. runs with
spinal accessory (CN X1)
64
origin of dorsal scapular artery
subclavian a.
65
nerve that dorsal scapular artery runs with
dorsal scapular nerve
66
origin of thoracodorsal a.
subscapular a.
67
thoracodorsal a runs with what nerve?
thoracodorsal n.
68
origin of vertebral a.
subclavian a.
69
path of vertebral a.
enters at c6, up through transverse foramina, exits at c1
in suboccipital triangle
70
vertebral a. supplies
structures in suboccipital region
one of major blood supply for brain
71
thoracodorsal n. origin
posterior cord, brachial plexus
72
dorsal scapular n origin
c5 root, brachial plexus
73
function of rotator cuff mm.
reinforce joint
74
function of glenoid labrum
deepens glennoid fossa
75
weakness of glenohumeral joint
inferiorly - most common spot for shoulder dislocations
76
movements of glenohumeral joint
ball and socket so flexion/extension, medial/lateral, rotation, ADD/ABD, circumduction
77
contents of intertubercular groove of humerus
tendon of long head of biceps brachii m.
78
muscles of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
79
muscles of scapular region
deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis
80
actions of 3 parts of deltoid
anterior - flexion, MR of humerus
middle - ABD of humerus 15-90 degrees
posterior - extension, lateral rotation of humerus
81
innervation of deltoid
axillary n.
82
teres major location
passes laterally from scapula to humerus anteriorly
inferior to teres minor
83
actions of teres major
adduction and MR of humerus
assists with extension from flexed position
84
innervation of teres major
lower subscapular n.
85
supraspinatus location
superior to scapular spine
86
only rotator cuff muscle that does not rotate humerus
supraspinatus
87
action of supraspinatus
initiates ABD humerus (first 15 degrees)
88
suitcase muscle
supraspinatus
89
innervation of supraspinatus
suprascapular n.
90
infraspinatus m. location
below scapular spine
91
action of infraspinatus
lateral rotation of humerus
92
innervation of infraspinatus
suprascapular n.
93
teres minor location
superior to teres major
sometimes not distinguished from infraspinatus
94
actions of teres minor
LR of humerus
assists with ADD of humerus
95
innervation of teres minor
axillary n.
96
subscapularis location
costal (anterior) surface of scapula
97
actions of subscapularis
most powerful MR of humerus
assist ADD of humerus
98
innervation of subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular n.
99
muscles that insert into greater tubercle of humerus
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
100
origin of suprascapular n.
superior trunk of brachial plexus
101
path of suprascapular n.
passes inferior to transverse scapular ligament
102
suprascapular nerve innervates
supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm.
103
origin of axillary n.
posterior cord of brachial plexus
104
axillary n. path
passes through quadrangular space
105
axillary n. innervates
deltoid and teres minor
106
axillary n. cutaneous innervation
superior lateral arm
107
origin of upper and lower subscapular n.
posterior cord brachial plexus
108
upper subscapular n. innervates
subscapularis m.
109
lower subscapularis m. innervates
teres major and subscapularis
110
purpose of muscular spaces
point of passage for anterior structures to go posterior
111
quadrangular space borders
teres major and minor, long head of triceps brachii, and surgical neck of humerus
112
contents of quadrangular space
posterior humeral circumflex artery
axillary n.
113
triangular space borders
teres major and minor, long head of triceps brachii
114
contents of triangular space
circumflex scapular a.
115
triangular interval borders
long and lateral head of triceps brachii, teres major
116
contents of triangular interval
radial n.
profunda brachii. a
117
axillary n. mechanism of injury
fracture of surgical neck of humerus
shoulder dislocation
injection
crutches
118
affects of axillary n. damage
loss of rounded shoulder
weakness in abd above 15 degrees
sensory loss on superolateral arm
119
rotator cuff mechanism of injury
overuse in position above horizontal
120
rotator cuff injury causes
instability of glenohumeral joint
121
most common muscle injured in rotator cuff
supraspinatus
prone to wear on acromion
122
complete rotator cuff tear causes
unable to initiate ABD
passive initiation of ABD
