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Pedia Flashcards

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1
Q

pediatrics age cover?

A

0-18 years

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2
Q

neonate age?

A

0-28 days

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3
Q

early neonate age?

A

0-7 days

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4
Q

infant age?

A

28days-1 yr

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5
Q

adolescent age?

A

10 yrs-19 yrs

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6
Q

normal weight of newborn?

A

2.5 to 4 kg

avg indian- 3 kg

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7
Q

MCC of neonatal mortality in india?

A

Prematurity (due to surfactant deficiency)

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8
Q

surfactant in amniotic fluid and lungs?

A

AF- 28 WKS
LUNGS- 33-35 WKS

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9
Q

Which problem in polyhydroamnios mother babies?

A

TEF (tracheoeso. fistula)

Type C> A>D (GROSS CLASSIFICATION)

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10
Q

No gas in abdomen in which type of TEF?

A

A AND B

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11
Q

What problem in babies with oligohydroamnios mother?

A

Potter sequence
(renal agenesis)

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12
Q

expected weight of a 1 yr old baby?

A

10 kg

2 yr- 12kg
3 yr- 14kg
4 - 16kg
5 yr- 18kg….

Imp- weight doubles by 5 months and triples by 1 year

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13
Q

normal length at birth?

A

50 cm

1 yr- 75 cm
4 yrs- 100 cm (doubles)
12 yrs- 150 cm (triples)

height formula- age*6+77

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14
Q

normal head circumf.?

A

35 cm

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15
Q

newborn after 5 days looses 10% of body wt. in 1st week of life and by 10th day it regains

A

just read

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16
Q

US:LS RATIO AT BIRTH?

A

1.7:1

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17
Q

AT 7 YEARS, US:LS RATIO?

A

1:1

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18
Q

decreased US:LS in which ds?

A

spinal pathologies (kyphoscoliosis, tb spine, alagille/marfan syndrome, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia)

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19
Q

increased US:LS?

A

rickets, hypothyrodism, achondroplasia

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20
Q

GENE MUTATION FOR ACHONDROPLASIA?

A

FGFR 3

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21
Q

MICROCEPHALY definition?

A

Head circumf.- <-3 SD

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22
Q

macrocephaly definition?

A

> 2 SD

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23
Q

1st carpal bone to appear in baby?

A

Capitate - by 2 months

hamate by 3 months

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24
Q

last carpal bone to appear in baby?

A

pisiform

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25
which xray to be used to determine bone age of newborn?
Knee xray
26
which method is used in xray to determine bone age?
grulick pyle atlas and tanner whitehouse method
27
what is dental formula?
2123/2123 I C PM M
28
first and last primary teeth?
FIRST- lower central incisor LAST- M2 AFTER 18 MONTHS
29
first and last permanent teeth?
FIRST- first molar M1 by 6-7 yrs LAST- M3 AFTER 18 YEARS
30
define delayed dentition?
no teeth by 13 months
31
causes of delayed dentition?
Familial Rickets Idiopathic --- MC Endocrine Down syndr Cleidocranial dystosis (absent clavicle) Progeria
32
supernumeray teeth location and causes?
location- incisor causes- Cleft lip cleft palate cleidocranial dystosis gardener syndrome
33
causes of natal (newborn) teeth?
Rx- wait and watch causes- Pierre robin syndorme Ellis van creuvald syndrome epidermolysis bullosa sotos syndrome
34
SMR Staging in Tanners chart?
revise it for boys- penis length increases in stage 2 penis girth increases in stage 4 for girls- breast general developement in stage 3 nipple and areola visible in stage 4
35
first puberty changes in girl?
Thelarche
36
last puberty change in girl?
menarche
37
first puberty change in boys?
testicular enlargement
38
last puberty changes in boys?
facial hairs
39
total sutures and total fontanelle in newborn?
4 and 6
40
last fontanelle to close?
anterior (8-18 months)
41
metopic suture prematue fusion?
trigonocephaly
42
coronal sutute preclosure?
brachycephaly
43
sagital suture preclosure?
scaphocephaly or dolicocephaly
44
lamboid suture preclosure?
plagiocephaly
45
cri du chat syndrome?
5p deletion high pitch cry like cat
46
edward syndrome?
trisomy 18 rocker bottom feet overlapping digits cardiac defects (vsd--- also seen in infant of diabetic mother) kidney defects microcephaly mental retardation
47
rubinstein taybi syndrome?
great toe deviation Mental retard. ASD
48
Turner syndrome features?
Female pt. with webbed neck; short stature with widely spaced nipples infertile ovaries 45 XO intelligence normal mc congenital heart ds- bicuspid aortic valve mcc death- coarctation of aorta
49
Noonan syndrome?
male with webbed neck heart ds- pulm. stenosis
50
Fetal alcohol syndrome?
small eyes, microcephaly, thin upper lip and smooth philtrum
51
Galactosemia features?
oil drop cataract breast feeding is absolutely C/I absence of GALT enzyme what to feed?- low lactose formula feeding
52
some gene mutations to remember...
TCOF1- treacher collin syndrome ATP7B- WILSON DS. ATP7A- MENKE DS.--- KINKY HAIR FGFR3- ACHONDROPLASIA FGFR2- CROUZON SYNDR. FGFR1- PFEIFFER SYND. ABCC2- DUBIN JOHNSON PTPN11- NOONAN SYNDR MECP2- RETT SYNDR. (ACQUIRED MICROCEPHALY, HAND WRINGING MOVEMENT)--- DRUG- Torfenitide GABRA1- JUVENILE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY SLC39A4- Zn DEFICIENCY (ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA)
53
short stature def.?
ht< 3rd percentile or <-2SD
54
physiological SS(short stature) def.?
mid parental heightpathol
55
pathological SS?
1. proportionate- US:LS RATIO NORMAL 2. DISPROPORTIONATE- DEC. US:LS RATIO INC. US:LS RATIO
56
MCC OF SHORT STATURE?
Constitutional delay
57
target height achieved in which SS?
Constitutional SS but not achieved in Familial SS WHILE BIRTH weight and birth length in both are normal
58
BA
1. CONSITITUTIONAL SS HYPOTHYRODISM MALNUTRION
59
BA=CA IN WHICH DS.?
Familial SS
60
BA>CA IN WHICH DS?
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY BREKINTH WIDEMAN SYNDROME
61
JOURNEY OF MILESTONES...
NECK HOLDING- 3 MONTHS ROLL OVER- 6 MONTHS SITTING WITH SUPPORT- 6M SITTING WITHOUT SUPPORT- 8M STANDING WITH SUPPORT- 9M CRUISING- around the furniture-- 9-12 M PIVOTING- turn around to pick the objects--- 9-12 M STANDING WITHOUT SUPPORT- 12 M WALK WITH 1 HAND HELD- 12-13M INDEPENDENTLY WALK- 15 M RUNNING- 18 M OPEN THE DOORS OF ALMIRAH- 18 M TURN 2-3 PAGES AT A TIME- 18M TURN 1 PAGE AT A TIME- 24 M 15M- POINTING AND INDICATING WET PANTS 18M- DOMESTIC MIMICRY AND DRY BY DAY DRY BY NIGHT- 36 M NOCTURNAL ENURESIS AGE- >5 YEARS Rx- Alarm/motivational therapy DOC- Desmopressin BABY knows its full name, age and sex- 3 years toilet alone- 4 years
62
Mother tells doctor that baby is not breast feeding properly. What would be the first step?
check for signs of good attachment----- chin touching the breast, mouth wide open with fullness of cheeks, lower lip everted out and upper areola exposed out
63
Breast feeding after how much time in Normal Vaginal Delivery AND LSCS?
ASAP and within 4 hours in LSCS
64
breast feeding week?
1-7 August
65
Absolute contraindications of breast feeding?
Lactose intolerance and Galactosemia mother- chemo/radiotherapy and HSV infected mother
66
breast milk is rich in?
AC room- vit A and C
67
breast milk is deficient in?
vit D, K and B12
68

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