Pediatric GI Flashcards

0
Q

Gastric Leiomyoma

A

MC benign gastric tumor

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1
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

Pouch on the wall of lower intestine present at birth. (Congenital). Pouch may have stomach or panc tissue. Non compressible. Blood in stool.

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2
Q

Mucocele

A

Dilated appendix filled with mucous.

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3
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Regional enteritis. Peristalsis absent or sluggish.

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4
Q

Digestive tract / Alimentary tract

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

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5
Q

Accessory glands

A

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Secrete digestive juice into digestive system

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6
Q

GI hormones

A

Gastrin (via stomach)

Cholecystokinin (via fat in intestines, contracts GB)

Secretin: (via sm bowel to release bicarbonate to dec acid)

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7
Q

Keyboard sign

A

Small bowel

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8
Q

Gut signature

A

5 gut layers. Max diam 3 mm when distended, 5 mm when not.

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9
Q

Duplication cyst

A

Walled off gut during embryologic development.

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10
Q

Gastric Bezoar

A

Masses of congealed ingested foreign materials such as hair, veggie matter, inorganic matter. (Sand)

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11
Q

Gastric Cancer

A

Not dx by US, older males, 1/2 in pylorus

Target, pseudokidney sign

Adenocarcinoma MC

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12
Q

Appendicitis

A

Younger
Assoc with obstruction of appendicial lumen leading to inflammation

MC cause of childhood ab pain. 4-15 yrs. >200,000 cases/yr in US.

Fever, periumbilical pain, inc wbc, nausea, vomit due to pain, point tenderness RLQ

Noncompressible, inc color flow “ring of fire”, “thyroid in the belly sign”, hypo thick wall, periappendicieal fluid collection, appendicolith. Diam > 6mm, wall thick > 2mm

Tx: laparoscopy (small incision) or laparotomy (large)

Mc Burney’s sign. Pain when pressure release RLQ

Normal appendix sausage shape diam < 6mm and no Doppler flow.

Bacterial infection leads to gangrene and perforation

Appendix > 6mm or an appendicolith is highly suggestive of appendicitis

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13
Q

Mc Burney’s Point

A

1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus is location of appendix

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14
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pylorus

Pylorus = channel between stomach and duodenum. It becomes thick due to contractility defect.

Projectile vomiting in neonates, palp olive shape mass

1st born males, white, maternal family hx, o & b blood.

Usually 2-6wks (17 mm, muscle thickness >3.5 mm, AP diam >10 mm

X-ray shows string sign.

Tx: pyloromyotomy, Ramsteadt

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15
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of bowel

Prox loop (intussuceptum) into distal loop (intussuscipiens)

90% ileocolic, males

6mn-2yrs, colicky ab pain, abd distention, vomit, abd mass, rectal bleed

Dark red jelly stool

16
Q

Diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis

Thickened bowel, abscess in LLQ highly suggests diverticulitis

17
Q

Congenital duodenal obstruction

A

Double bubble sign

Fluid filled duodenum and stomach separated by pylorus

18
Q

Mesenteric ischemia

A

Dec artery supply to intestinal system

19
Q

Rugae

A

Folds within mucosal layer of stomach

20
Q

Haustra

A

Folds within large intestine

21
Q

Layers of GI tract

A

5 layers

Serosa
Muscularis
Subserosa
Intramural
Mucosa