NP 2- TOP 8 > PEDIATRIC I > Flashcards

PEDIATRIC I Flashcards

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1
Q

-Measurable: Inch, Kg, lbs, cm,
-Observable

A

Quantitative: GROWTH

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2
Q

-Observable
-Maturation: Predictable
-behavioral Changes

A

Qualitative: Development

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3
Q

Best indicator of development:

A

Behavioral Changes

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4
Q

Growth and Development Principles:

A

Continuous Process
Predictable Patterns

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5
Q

Embyronic development

A

Start: Conception/Fertilization

         O-Z-M-B-E            

      Ovum+Sperm
                   ↓
   Zygote: 1st human cell
                   ↓
      Morula: 8-16 Cells
Stays 3 days in fallopian tube
                   ↓
Blastocyst: Travel Implantation **Upper posterior portion of uterus
                    ↓
  Embryo: 8 weeks or 2 months
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6
Q

a complete cessation of cardiopulmonary & circulatory system and the entire brain, including the brainstem.

A

Death

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7
Q

Epignetic Factor

A

-Non-modifiable factors
-Genetics
46 chromosomes
23 Pairs: 22- Autosomes; 1- sex chromosomes (xx-F; xy:M)

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8
Q

Mileau/ Environment:

A

Modifiable Factors
-food, air,water,
-Shelter, home

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9
Q

Two types of learning:

A

c)Learning factor
Children= Blank slates/ sheets

Enactive learning: Learning by doing
Vicarious learning: Learning by observing

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10
Q

Ideal time for toilet training:

A

18 months; Readiness

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11
Q

Indication when child achieved Toilet training early:

A

Delayed Child

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12
Q

Readiness for toilet training:

A

Physiological: walk, sit, stand, squat (W-S-S-S)
Psychological: verbalize the need to T.T. & Understand simple instructions
Psychosocial: Not shy & afraid

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13
Q

most important readiness for toilet training:

A

Physiological: walk, sit, stand, squat
(W-S-S-S)

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14
Q

Bowel training: Anal phase

A

18 months -30 months

*Bowel precedes Bladder:

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15
Q

Day time bladder training

A

30 mons- 36 mons

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16
Q

Night time Bladder Training

A

36 months -48 months

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17
Q

What should be resolved before school age that is related to toilet training?

A

-Enuresis: Bed wetting
-Encopresis: Bed pooping

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18
Q

Bed wetting

A

Enuresis

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19
Q

Bed pooping

A

Encopresis:

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20
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

A

FIRM & CONSISTENT

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21
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

PROBLEM: Strict/rigid parents

A

OCPD

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22
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

PROBLEM: Lenient/ laxity

A

Disorganized

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23
Q

NEONATAL REFLEXES MUST DISAPPEAR

A. Feeding Reflexes

A

-Rooting Reflex
-Sucking reflex
-Spitting/ Extrusion reflex
-Swallowing reflex

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24
Q

Feeding reflexes:

When baby’s cheek is stroked
↓
head will turn to side of stimulation
↓
sucking

A

Rooting reflex

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25
Feeding reflexes: Touching baby's lips ↓ creates vacuum with lips
Sucking Reflex
26
Feeding reflexes: Baby pushes food placed on the anterior tongue. -Protective hindrance to complementary feeding.
Spitting/Extrusion Reflex
27
-Introduction of solid foods -Increase iron demand (physiologic anemia)
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING
28
Best Time: Earliest Time: For complementary Feeding
Best time: 6 months Earliest time: 4 months Rationale: increase iron demand (physiologic anemia)
29
Ideal foods for Complementary Feeding
1.Cereals, Am (rice water): With Iron 2.Vegetables: soft, mashed ***Avoid: Chunk,Hard vegetables 3.Fruits: One at a time 4.Soft meat: well cooked (fish) ***Avoid: chunky 5.Egg yolk
30
Foods to avoid during Complementary Feeding:
-Grapes, Corn, Popcorn, etc. R: Aspiration *Skin of fruits has latex content= high allergy -Egg white R: Allergy/Allergen -Honey R: Botulism/ Poisoning
31
Process of gradual decrease of breastmilk and increase of semi-solid food.
Weaning Best time: 6 months Earliest: 4 months
32
Best time: Earliest time: for Weaning
Best time: 6 months Earliest: 4 months
33
-Indicator of CNS (brain, S.C) function. -Absent: CNS damage -Permanent: CNS damage
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES
34
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES Falling sensation (supine w/ head slightly elevated) ↓ Elevated/Raise & down ↓ Arms Abduct & extended ***DOESNT HAVE AN AUDITORY STIMULUS
MORO REFLEX ***DOESNT HAVE AN AUDITORY STIMULUS
35
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Nagulat/ shookt Loud noise, jarring of crib ↓ Flexion of elbow & hands closed (adduction) ***THERE IS AN AUDITORY STIMULUS
Startle Reflex
36
When does Moro/Startle reflex disappear?
Disappearance: 4-6 months Permanent: CNS lesions/scars Brain cancer Absent: Brain damage Cerebral palsy PKU (phenylketonuria): Spinal Cord Injury
37
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Hand-eye Coordination/Harmonization -When head turned to side, the corresponding hand and leg extend, while the opposite flexed. -one side movements of the body that go together with hand-eye harmonization.
Tonic-neck/Boxing/ Fencing Reflex
38
When does Tonic-neck disappears?
Disappearance: 4 months Baby can turn to side: 4 months
39
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Sole/feet is placed on flat surface ↓ Baby tries to walk (leg prance up & down); as if dancing
Dancing/ Stepping Reflex Absent: would mean sciatic nerve injury EINC: Right leg: Hepa B inject. Left leg: Vit. k
40
Disappearance of Dancing/ Stepping Reflex?
4 months
41
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Touch of palm produces flexion/closure of fingers
Darwin/ Palmar Grasp Reflex Start to assess: -2 months (Open hand) -1 month (Fisted hand)
42
Disappearance of Darwin/ Palmar Grasp Reflex?
4-5 months
43
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Touching the soles ↓ curling of toes
Plantar/Grasp Reflex
44
Plantar/Grasp Reflex disappearance:
8-10 months
45
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Stroke sole with inverted "J" ↓ Fanning of toes
Babinski Reflex
46
Disappearance of Babinski Reflex?
10-12 months
47
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Prone position: run a finger down from shoulder to buttocks ↓ Swinging of pelvis towards stimulated side ***Test for Spinal Cord Injury
Galant Reflex
48
Disappearance of Galant Reflex?
9-10 months
49
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Hold one leg: apply stimulus to center/ball of foot ↓ Other leg will flex, adduct, and extend **Foot; motor coordination
Crossed Extension Reflex
50
Disappearance of Crossed Extension Reflex?
12 months
51
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Hold child in ventral suspension (prone) ↓ sudden lowering (falling sensation) ↓ opening/ extension of arms
Parachute reflex
52
disappearance of parachute reflex?
18 months
53
NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES: Horizontal suspension with head, legs, spine extended (convex arc) ↓ head, hip, kness, elbows flexed
Landau Reflex aka Superman Reflex
54
Disappearance of landau reflex?
2 years old
55
what is the most important neuro relfex?
MORO/STARTLE REFLEX!!! -Baby can't proceed to sitting if moro reflex is still present Moro/ startle (6months) -Sit with support -High chair
56
PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES Prevents aspiration Elicit: touch uvula (posterior position)
Gag reflex
57
PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES Helps to protect contracting Pneumonia
Coughing & Sneexing
58
PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES Prevents Hypoxia
Yawning
59
PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES -Controlled CNS (Trigimenal) -Prevents inflammation of cornea: "Keratitis"
Blinking
60
First 12 weeks pus in BCG what should you/mother do?
do not report; MOTHER SHOULD WIPE
61
Vitamin K is also known as?
Aquamephyton: Antidote of warfarin
62
90 mins- 6 hour: Before Separation newborn to mother make sure you put on what?
ID band -Hospital number -Complete mother’s name -Date & time of birth
63
newborns are obligatory _____ breathers?
Nose
64
Manner of suctioning in newborn?
MouSe (Mouth then Nose)
65
All fontanels will close at what Mnth/time:
18 months
66
B9 Sources:
B9/folic acid: 400mcg/day B9: Green leafy vegetables B12: meat
67
This medication's Side effect is s/e loss of extremities during pregnancy to newborn:
Thalidomide/Anti-emetic
68
S/SX OF LITHIUM TOXICITY
V-A-N-D-A
69
Autosomal Recessive Newborn screening Disorder
G6PD, O, Galactosemia:
70
Not Autosomal recessive
Congenital hypothyroidism
71
:Sep-Anx
-Temper tantrums -Give security object -give promise -1 firm goodbye

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