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Peds > Pediatric Oncology > Flashcards

Pediatric Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What ANC level is considered abnormal?

A

Less than 1500

*absolute neutrophil count

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2
Q

What is a normal platelet count?

A

150, 000

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3
Q

Mild platelet count

A

100,000-150,000

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4
Q

Mutations that impair and slow blood cell maturation, abnormal differentiation of blood cells in bone marrow.

A

Myelodysplastic disorders

*stem cells or early blood cell precursors

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5
Q

The most common childhood leukemia

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia -85%

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6
Q

Most common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A

Pre-B lineage -85%

Tcell lineage -15%

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7
Q

Pathologic until proven otherwise (because it is absolutely abnormal!)

A

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

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8
Q

Sign of extra medullary spread

A

Fever of malignancy

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9
Q

GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY

Chloromas

Hepatosplenomegaly

Leukemia Cutis

A

AML

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10
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma treatment associated with secondary malignancies of lung, thyroid, stomach, breast, melanoma

A

Radiation

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11
Q
  • Most common solid tumors of childhood
  • Second most common pediatric malignancy
  • Highest mortality rate
A

Brain tumors

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12
Q

Most common childhood brain tumor type

A

Low grade gliomas

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13
Q

Most common MALIGNANT brain tumor in children

A

Medulloblastoma

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14
Q

Medulloblastoma gene mutation with poor prognosis

A

MYC

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15
Q

Medulloblastoma gene mutation with better prognosis than MYC mutation

A

WNT

“patient WNT home”

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16
Q

Morning vomiting
Sunsetting sign
6th nerve palsy

A

Medulloblastoma

or pilocytic astrocytoma

17
Q
  • Mutations that impair and slow blood cell maturation

- Abnormal differentiation of blood cells in BONE MARROW

A

Myelodysplastic disorder

*technically not cancer, but still a problem

18
Q

U.S. Incidence of childhood leukemias

A

1/25,000 or

3500/year

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of childhood leukemia are strongly associated with infiltration of this body part

A

Bone marrow infiltration

  • bone pain day and night
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • neutropenia
20
Q

A sign of extra medullary spread associated with ALL

A

Fever of malignancy

21
Q

What malignancy has the following CBC presentation?

  • increased WBS with blasts on smear
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • leukopenia
  • neutropenia
A

ALL

22
Q

Immuno classification is CALLA (CD10)

A

ALL

23
Q

What does CALLA an acronym for?

A

Common
ALL
Antigen

(CD10)

24
Q

t(8;21)
t(q22;q22)

Auer rods

A

AML

25
Q

Reed-Sternberg cell

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

26
Q

Homer-Wright PseudoRosette arrangement of cells

A

Medulloblastoma

27
Q

Cerebellar tumor that blocks 4th ventricle

A

Medulloblastoma

28
Q

Chromosome 13q14 codes for which gene?

A

Rb = Retinoblastoma

29
Q

Mutation of BOTH ALLELES of chromosome 13q14

OR

Loss of the gene or protein

A

Retinoblastoma

Losing the gene or gene product would result in deregulated cell growth because Rb is a tumor suppressor

30
Q

Bilateral Retinoblastic tumors

A

Familial

*must have two allele hits

31
Q

Unilateral Retinoblastic tumors

A

Sporadic (Non-hereditary)

*must have two allele hits

32
Q

Embryonic renal cells of metanephros

Deletion of tumor suppressor gene WT1 on chromosome 11

A

Wilms Tumor

33
Q

*Bone tumors in the metaphysis of long bones

A

Osteosarcoma

34
Q

*Onion skinning on Xray

Destructive lesions in diaphysis of long bones and pelvis

A

Ewing Sarcoma

35
Q

2nd most common sarcoma of bone in children

A

Ewing Sarcoma

36
Q

t(11;22)(q24;q12)

A

Ewing Sarcoma

37
Q

Sunburst pattern on X-ray

A

Osteosarcoma

38
Q

Corman’s triangle on Xray

-raised periosteum

A

Osteosarcoma

Peds (13 decks)

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