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Flashcards in Pediatrics Deck (15)
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1
Q

what are the components of the APGAR score?

A

A: appearance/ color (all blue=0, extr blue=1, all pink=2)
P: pulse (absent=0, 100=2)
G: grimace (none=0, weak=1, cough/sneeze/cry=2)
A: activity (none=0, some flexion=1, good spont=2)
R: respirations (absent=0, weak cry=1, good, strong cry=2)

2
Q

At what heart rate does a newborn require chest compressions

A

HR less than 60

3
Q

what is the triad of congenital rubella

A

cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus and sensorineural hearing loss (other sx include purpura and IUGR)

4
Q

most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism

A

thyroid dysgenesis

5
Q

what supplementation should preterm and breastfed babies have

A

iron (all preterm babies) and vitamin D (all exclusively breastfed babies)

6
Q

differentiate between chlamydia and gonococcal conjunctivitis of the newborn

A

gonococcal occurs earlier (2-5 days) and is more purulent and more severe
chlamydial occurs later (5-14) days and is more mucus-like with chemosis (conjunctival swelling)

7
Q

which disease does erythomycin eye ointments protect against

A

gonococcal conjunctivitis

8
Q

name a few symptoms that distinguish Patau’s (trisomy 13) from Edward’s (trisomy 18)

A

Patau has cleft lip, polydactyly, and ocular hypertelorism (wide space btwn eyes) and micropthalmia

9
Q

cri du chat involves a deletion on what chromosome

A

chromosome 5p

10
Q

a child who keeps getting infected with encapsulated bacteria probably has a defect in what part of the immune system and what is the likely disorder

A

B-cells are needed for opsonization and killing of encapsulated bacteria

Bruton’s agammaglobinemia is most likely (CVID is often a T and B cell defect)

11
Q

a child has cough runny, runny nose, vesicles and pharyngeal erythema with mild swelling; what’s your next step

A

observation and reassurance; if symptoms suggest viral pharyngitis (most often herpangina(Coxsackie A)) it will be self-limited and no further testing needed

12
Q

how can you differentiate between laryngomalacia and vascular ring in an infant with stridor?

A

laryngomalacia worsens with supine and improves with prone position

vascular rings improve with NECK EXTENSION and are associated with murmurs and cardiac abnormalities

13
Q

how do you treat a child between 2 months and 24 months with first UTI

A

antibiotics AND renal ultrasound to evaluate for anomalies

14
Q

what are symptoms of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome and what sequelae do you have to worry about

A

macrosomia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia/abdominal wall defects, hemihyperplasia
high risk of hypoglycemia (due to high IGF promoting insulin) and development of Wilm’s tumor or hepatoblastoma (monitor with AFP and renal ultrasounds throughout childhood)

15
Q

posterior extending inguinal folds and leg-leg length discrepancy seen on a newborn suggests what condition

A

developmental dysplasia of the hip