PEDs Flashcards
(41 cards)
social reasons for using peds
fear of not being successful/lack of belief in natural ability.
Lack of effective deterrents, the belief they will get away with it and not get caught
Win at all costs attitude.
pressure from coach from eg state sponsored doping.
High expectations from peer group, coaches and media.
Fame and fortune attached to elite sport (the very high levels of extrinsic reward, money, sponsorship deals for being successful).
Drugs easily accessible
Rewards are worth the risks
To be exciting and entertaining
Increase aggression
3 reasons
psychological reasons for using peds
to…… so uses (named ped)
to steady nerves so uses beta blockers
to increase aggression so uses anabolic steroids
to increase confidence and make yourself more up for it so uses stimulants
anabolic steroids
what are they, why are they used (benefits)
what: Artificially produced hormones eg THG
why: Promote muscle growth
Increase power and strength
Reduced fat: lean body weight
Allow train for longer at higher intensity
Increased ability to train more frequently
Reduced fatigue
who uses anabolic steroids inc eg
who: Power athletes such as sprinters: Dwayne Chambers
side effects of anabolic steroids
side effects: Liver damage
Heart and immune system problems
Ache
Behaviour changes increased aggression, paranoia and mood swings
beta blockers
what do they do/how do they work, why are they used (benefits)
what/how: Help to calm an individual down (essentially preventing the adrenaline from binding with nerve receptors
why:Used to improve accuracy in precision sports by steadying the nerves
Calming the performers anxiety by keeping heart rate lower and decreasing trembling hands
They widen the arteries and increase blood flow to reduce involuntary muscle spasms
side effects of beta blockers
side effects: Tiredness due to low blood pressure
Slower heart rate reduces aerobic capacity
who uses beta blockers
who: High precision sports: golf, archery and snooker
epo
what is it, why are is it used (benefits)
what: Natural hormone produced by kidneys to increase red blood cells. Artificially manufactured to increase haemoglobin levels
why: Stimulates red blood cell production leading to increased oxygen carrying capacity.
Increases endurance and delays the onset of fatigue
An athlete can train for longer and recover more quickly
who uses epo
who: Endurance athletes such as long distance runners and cyclists who need effective oxygen transport to succeed in sport
side effects of epo
side effects: Blood clots
Stroke
Death
what is THG/tetrahydrogestinone
A banned steroid used to increase power which was tweaked by chemists to make it undetectable by ‘normal tests’.
stimulants
what are they, why are they used (benefits)
what: Artificial drugs that stimulate the body both mentally and physically
why: Reduce tiredness
Increase endurance
Increase alertness
side effects: Rise in blood pressure / temperature
Addiction
Irregular / fast heartbeat
steroids side effects???
who uses steroids
who: cyclists, rugby players
diuretics
what are they, why are they used (benefits)
what: Not performance-enhancing drugs on their own, but used to get rid of the traces of other drugs.
in sports with weight categories (boxing, equestrian sports).
why: Diuretics increase the production of urine, and some athletes use them to try to flush out residue from steroids.
They can also be used to shed water as a temporary weight loss measure
There are several categories of diuretic drugs. Naturally-occurring diuretics include alcohol and caffeine
side effects of diuretics
side effects: Dehydration
Dizziness
Fainting
who uses diuretics
who: Boxing
Horse riding
Equestrian
(also for cosmetic reasons)
blood doping
what are they, why are they used (benefits), which athletes may use them, side effects
what: Removal of blood 2-3 months before competition and re-injecting a week before the event to increase the number of red blood cells
why: The provides the body with more energy and more red blood cells to improve endurance
who uses blood doping
who: Endurance events:
Marathon Running
Long distance Olympic events
Cycling
blood doping side effects
side effects: Heart attack
Stroke
narcotics
what are they, why are they used (benefits), which athletes may use them, side effects
what: High level pain killers (links with morphine)
why: Reduce pain
Mask an injury
narcotics who uses them
who: Potentially all sports:
Rugby
American Football
side effects of narcotics
side effects: Highly addictive
Respiratory problems
Nausea