neuromuscular system

Question 1

slow twitch muscle fibres are also known as

Answer 1

type 1 muscle fibres

Question 2

type 2 a are also known as

Answer 2

fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

Question 3

type 2 b are also known as

Answer 3

fast glycolytic

Question 4

what are the 6/7 things to remember when describing muscles fibres

Answer 4

how fast they contract
aerobic or anaerobic
blood cells and colour
myoglobin+ mitochondria levels
fatigue?
sporting examples

Question 5

type 1- slow twitch muscle fibres characteristics

Answer 5

contract slowly
produce small power
do not fatigue quickly
aerobically powered
high rbc content that carries o2
high myoglobin + mitochondria
long dist, endurance events eg walking and marathon

Question 6

type 2a - fast twitch

Answer 6

contract quickly and with power- mid

anaerobically powered but do use small percentage of oxygen
fatigue fairly quickly

limited red blood cells and appear pink
fewer myoglobin and mitochondria than type 1

quick events that involve prolonging power, speed and explosive qualities (1-2 mins) eg 400m and 800m running

Question 7

type 2b - fast twitch

Answer 7

contract the quickest and with the most power

powered anaerobically
have minimal o2 supply and use ATP/PC energy system

they are white as they have few to zero rbcs

have no myoglobin and mitochondria

fatigue very quickly

fast explosive events 100m sprint, shot, discus

Question 8

major storage fuel for type 1 fibres

Answer 8

triglycerides

Question 9

major storage fuel for type 2a

Answer 9

glycogen

Question 10

major storage fuel for type 2b

Answer 10

PC

Question 11

myosin ATPase levels for type 1

Answer 11

low

Question 12

myosin ATPase for type 2a

Answer 12

intermediate

Question 13

myosin ATPase for type 2b

Answer 13

high

Question 14

glycogen stores for type 2a

Answer 14

high

Question 15

glycogen stores for type 1

Answer 15

low

Question 16

glycolytic capacity for type 1

Answer 16

low

Question 17

glycogen stores for type 2b

Answer 17

very high

Question 18

glycolytic capacity for type 2a

Answer 18

high

Question 19

glycolytic capacity for type 2b

Answer 19

very high

Question 20

capillary density for type 1

Answer 20

high

Question 21

capillary density for type 2a

Answer 21

intermediate

Question 22

capillary density for type 2b

Answer 22

low

Question 23

muscle fibre diameter for type 1

Answer 23

small

Question 24

muscle fibre density for type 2a

Answer 24

intermediate

Question 25

muscle fibre density for type 2b

Answer 25

very large

Question 26

size of motor neurone for type 2b

Answer 26

large

Question 27

size of motor neurone for type 1

Answer 27

small

Question 28

size of motor neurone for type 2a

Answer 28

large

Question 29

activity type for type 1

Answer 29

aerobic

Question 30

activity type for type 2b

Answer 30

short anaerobic

Question 31

activity type for type 2a

Answer 31

longer anaerobic

Question 32

what benefit does having a large motor neurone have

Answer 32

the larger the motor neurone the larger the connection to the muscle fibre so a more powerful contraction happens

Question 33

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

lowers hr calms us down release acetylcholine

Question 34

what is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

prepares us for exercise increases hr fight or flight release of adrenaline

Question 35

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are part of the?

Answer 35

peripheral nervous system which transmits information from the brain to parts of the body so they can adjust

Question 36

what is a neuromuscular interaction

Answer 36

eg a muscle contraction involves the muscular system working with the nervous system

Question 37

what is a motor unit

Answer 37

the motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated

Question 38

what is the dependent on which the amount of fibres are stimulated

Answer 38

on the precision of the movement

Question 39

describe the amount of fibres stimulated for powerful movements

Answer 39

many fibres are stimulated eg 2000 per unit when powerful movements occur, for example a basketball jumpshot

Question 40

describe the amount of fibres stimulated for precise movements

Answer 40

few fibres are stimulated eg 1-5 per unit eg eye movement or spin bowling in the wrist

Question 41

motor units are recruited depending on

Answer 41

the activity being undertaken the need twitch/time response

Question 42

what is a motor end plate

Answer 42

the point at which the motor neurone meets the muscle

Question 43

describe the neuromuscular junction

Answer 43

calcium ions enter the synaptic knob which releases the transmitter chemical acetylcholine which aids the spread of the impulse across the synaptic cleft if enough ACE is released there is a change in the permeability of the sarcolemma to sodium and potassium ions now the muscle fibre has action potential giving it the capability to contract

Question 44

what is the all or none law

Answer 44

Either all muscle fibres contract or none do, minimum threshold of stimulation must be reached

Question 45

what is wave summation

Answer 45

Repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax so a smooth sustained contraction occurs, rather than twitches. one impulse is sent and then a second before the first one is received