Peds

Question 1

Congenital lid abnormalities

Answer 1

Epithantic folds
telecanthus
Congential entropion
Epiblepharon
Coloboma
Cryptophythalmos
Euryblepharon
Miroblepharon
Ablepheron
Congenital upper lid eversion

Question 2

Congenital Ptosis

Answer 2

failure of neuronal migration and/or developmental muscular sequalae

unilateral and bilateral

Absent upper lid crease and poor levator function

on downgaze ptotic lid is elevated futher than normal due to poor relaxation of levator

Associations: SR weakness, hin elevation in severe bilateral case, refractive errors such as amblyopia

treatment:-
- should be carried out durring pre school years
- may be considered earlier in some cases dependant on severity of ambyopia
- levator restriction required

Question 3

Blepharophimosis

Answer 3

Blepharophimosis, Ptosis and picantus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a complex eyelid malformation

Mod to severe symettrical ptosis with poor levator function

Telecanthus

Epicanthus

Small palpebral fissue

Other facial abnormalities

Amblyopia present in 50 percent of cases - needs treatment

Question 4

Horners syndrome

Answer 4

Caused by damage to the efferent pathway (brain to eye)

Miosis of affected eye

Anisocoria

Ptosis

Usually affected eye and face on 1 side

Heterochromia - Hornor eye is light

Reduced swetting on side of affected side

Congenital or due to injury durring birth

May clear on its own oe heal along side medication or surgery - some experinces life-long probems

Question 5

Leukoria

Answer 5

Abnormal white reflections from retina when light is shown through the pupil

Can be caused by abnomalities in the lens, vitreous or retina

May also be caused by ocular taxocariasis

Question 6

Congenital cataratcs

Answer 6

can be associated with metabolic disorders, intruaterine infections and other systemic associations

surgery required if cats severe:-
- amblyopic
- congenital nystagmus / fiation instability
- if stabs present
- should be done on 3-4 months if bilateral and severe.