Peds development Flashcards
Infant 0-1year
a) Piaget. stage?
b) Play style?
a) sensorimotor
-object permanence
-separation
-mental representaion
b) solitary play
-not interact with others
Infant 0-1year
Erikson
a) What phase?
b) Need to focus?
a) trust vs mistrust
b) safety with caregiver
Infant 0-1y nutrition
a) food to avoid?
b) Soild food starts?
c) what is introduced first?
a) supplemental water till 6M
honey and cow’s milk till 12M
limit juice
b) around 6M
c) iron-fortified cereal
Medications should never be mixed in
a large amount of food or formula
Infant mortor skills
a) 4months
b) 6months
c) 8months
d) 12months
a) contrled heda(no more head lags)
b) turn both way
c) sits unsupported
d) walks while holding something
infant fine skills
a) 6 months
b) 7months
c) 8months
d) 12months
a) hold bottles
b) move object from hand to hand
c) start using a pincer graps
d) tries to build a 2 cubes tower
infant
a) play style
b) consedirations
a) solitary play
-not interact with others
-short attention span
-Musical rattle
b) stranger fear
separation anxiety
choking hazard
Never leave them in bathtub or changing station
toddler 1-3 years
Erikson
a) stage?
b) need to focus?
a) Autonomy vs shame+ doubt
b) independ from parents
toddler 1-3 years
Piaget
a) stage?
b) play style?
a) sensorimotor to preoperational
b) parallel play
-observe others and then might engage in activities nearby
toddler 1-3 years
3 development feature?
Negativisum
always say “NO”
Ritualization
doing thins repeatedly
Egocentric
Me! me! can’t think fro another’s point of view
Toddler
Nutrition
physiologic anorexia
fussy eater/too busy to eat
develop taste preferences,picky eater
Injury prevention
remain in a rear-facing car seat
safest area is backseat
DO NOT leave them in bathtub,pool alone
How can the nurse best facilitate the trust relationship between infant and parents
while the infant is hospitalized? The nurse should:
1. Encourage the parents to remain at their child’s bedside as much as possible.
2. Keep parents informed about all aspects of their child’s condition.
3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much as possible.
4. Advise the parents to participate actively in their child’s care.
3
Having parents hold their child while in the hospital is an excellent means of
building a trusting relationship. Infants are most secure when they are being
held, patted, and spoken.
Trust vs mistrust and separation anxiety
The mother of a child 2 years 6 months has arranged a play date with the neighbor
and her child 2 years 9 months. During the play date the two mothers should expect
that the children will do which of the following?
1. Share and trade their toys while playing.
2. Play with one another with little or no conflict.
3. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another.
4. Only play with one or two items, ignoring most of the other toys.
3
Toddlers engage in parallel play. They
often play alongside another child, but
they rarely engage in activities with the
other child.
Which should the nurse do to prevent separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler?
1. Assume the parental role when parents are not able to be at the bedside.
2. Encourage the parents to always remain at the bedside.
3. Establish a routine similar to that of the child’s home.
4. Rotate nursing staff so the child becomes comfortable with a variety of nurses.
3
It is very important to try to maintain
a child’s home routine both when parents are present and when they have to
leave the hospital. This will increase
the child’s sense of security and
decrease anxiety
According to developmental theories, which important event is essential to the development of the toddler?
1. The child learns to feed self.
2. The child develops friendships.
3. The child learns to walk.
4. The child participates in being potty-trained.
4
Developmental theorists like Erickson
and Freud believe that toilet training
is the essential event that must be
mastered by the toddler.
Which comment should the parent of a 2-year-old expect from the toddler about a
new baby brother?
1. “When the baby takes a nap, will you play with me?”
2. “Can I play with the baby?”
3. “The baby is so cute. I love him.”
4. “It is time to put him away so we can play.”
4
Toddlers are very egocentric and do not consider
the needs of the other child.
Me! me!
pre-schooler(3-6years)
Piaget
a) stage?
b) play style?
preoperational phase
move from egocentric to social awareness
associative play
not highly organized, but corporation does exist
pre-schooler(3-6years)
Erikson
a) stage
b) need focus
a) initiative vs guilt
b) Energetic learners, practice their problem-solving skills
But if the conflict is unresolved or a child receives negative feedback for their intervention, they may experience guilt around not being able to manage the situation.
Which nursing action would help foster a hospitalized 3-year-old’s sense of
autonomy?
1. Let the child choose what time to take the oral antibiotics.
2. Allow the child to have a doll for medical play.
3. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe.
4. Let the child watch age-appropriate videos.
3
Allowing to participate in actions of which they are capable is
an excellent way to enhance their autonomy.
pre-schooler(3-6years)
thinking features?
Magical thinking
Animism
Centration
time(keep routine!!)
pre-schooler(3-6years)
nutrition
staturated fat <10%
pre-schooler(3-6years)
injury prevention
booster seat
safest area is still back seat
stranger safety
sunscreen
The best method to explain a procedure to a hospitalized preschool-age child is to:
1. Show the child a pamphlet with pictures showing the procedure.
2. Have the 5-year-old next door tell the 4-year-old about the experience.
3. Demonstrate the procedure on a doll.
4. Show the child a video of the procedure
3
A 4-year-old child understands in very
concrete and simple terms. Therefore,
medical play is an excellent method for
helping to understand the procedure
A 3-year-old is hospitalized for an ASD repair. The parents have decided to go home
for a few hours to spend time with her siblings. The child asks when her mommy
and daddy will be back. The nurse’s best response is:
1. “Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap.”
2. “Your mommy and daddy will be back at 6:00 p.m.”
3. “Your mommy and daddy will be back later this evening.”
4. “Your mommy and daddy will be back in 3 hours.”
1
Preschoolers understand time in relation to events.
