Pelvis and Lower Extremity Muscles Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
obturator internus origin
A
Pelvic surfaces of the ilium and ischium; obturator membrane
2
Q
obturator internus insertion
A
greater trochanter of the femur
3
Q
obturator internus innervation
A
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
4
Q
obturator internus action
A
external rotation of thigh; assists in holding the head of the femur in acetabulum
5
Q
piriformis origin
A
pelvic surface of the sacrum
6
Q
piriformis insertion
A
greater trochanter of the femur
7
Q
piriformis innervation
A
Nerve to Piriformis (S1-S2)
8
Q
piriformis action
A
external rotation; abducts the thigh; assists in holding the head of the femur in acetabulum
9
Q
Coccygeus origin
A
ischial spine
10
Q
coccygeus insertion
A
inferior end of the sacrum and superior region of coccyx
11
Q
coccygeus innervation
A
branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves
12
Q
coccygeus action
A
forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx
13
Q
Levator ani origin
A
body of pubis; tendinous arch of obturator fascia; ischial spine
14
Q
levator ani insertion
A
Perineal body; coccyx; anococcygeal ligament; walls of the prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal
15
Q
levator ani innervation
A
Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal (rectal) nerve, and coccygeal plexus
16
Q
levator ani action
A
Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in
intra-abdominal pressure
17
Q
Psoas major origin
A
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs
18
Q
psoas major insertion
A
lesser trochanter of femur
19
Q
psoas major innervation
A
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
20
Q
psoas major action
A
Acting inferiorly with iliacus, it flexes the thigh; acting superiorly, it flexes the vertebral column laterally; it is used to balance the trunk; when sitting, it acts inferiorly with the iliacus to flex the trunk
21
Q
Iliacus origin
A
iliac fossa and crest; the ala of the sacrum
22
Q
Iliacus insertion
A
lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it and to psoas major tendon
23
Q
Iliacus innervation
A
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
24
Q
Iliacus action
A
flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major
25
Quadratus Lumborum origin
medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes
26
quadratus lumborum insertion
iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
27
quadratus lumborum innervation
anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves
28
quadratus lumborum action
extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration
29
Pectineus origin
superior ramus of pubis
30
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
31
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerve
32
pectineus action
adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh
33
psoas minor origin
sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs
34
psoas minor insertion
pectineal line and iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal arch
35
psoas minor innervation
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
36
psoas minor action
Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint
37
Sartorius origin
anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
38
Sartorius insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
39
Sartorius innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3)
40
sartorius action
Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)
41
rectus femoris origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
42
rectus femoris insertion
base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
43
rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
44
rectus femoris action
extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
45
vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
46
vastus lateralis insertion
base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
47
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
48
vastus lateralis action
extend leg at knee joint
49
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
50
vastus medialis insertion
the patella and the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
51
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
52
vastus medialis action
extend leg at knee joint
53
vastus intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
54
vastus intermedius insertion
base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
55
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
56
vastus intermedius action
extend leg at knee joint
57
adductor longus origin
medial part of the superior ramus of the pubis
58
adductor longus insertion
middle third of linea aspera of femur
59
adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve and branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)
60
adductor longus action
adducts thigh
61
adductor brevis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
62
adductor brevis insertion
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
63
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve and branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)
64
adductor brevis action
adducts thigh; to some extent flexes it
65
adductor Magnus (adductor part) origin
inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
66
adductor Magnus (adductor part) insertion
medial lip of linea aspera and the adductor tubercle of the femur
67
adductor magnus (adductor part) innervation
obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) and branches of posterior division
68
adductor magnus (adductor part) action
adducts thigh; adductor part flexes thigh
69
adductor Magnus (hamstring part) origin
ischial tuberosity
70
adductor Magnus (hamstring part) insertion
adductor tubercle of femur
71
adductor Magnus (hamstring part) innervation
tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
72
adductor Magnus (hamstring part) action
adducts thigh; hamstring part extends thigh
73
gracilis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
74
gracilis insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
75
gracilis innervation
obturator nerve (L2, L3)
76
gracilis action
adducts thigh; flexes leg; internal rotation
77
obturator externus origin
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
78
obturator externus insertion
trochanteric fossa of femur
79
obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve (L3, L4)
80
obturator externus action
external rotation of thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
81
gluteus maximus origin
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
82
gluteus maximus insertion
upper fibers: the posterior part of the iliotibial tract and the fasciae latae muscles
lower fibers: the gluteal tuberosity of the proximal femur
83
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
84
gluteus maximus action
Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its external rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
85
gluteus medius origin
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
86
gluteus medius insertion
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
87
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
88
gluteus medius action
Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported side
during its swing phase
89
gluteus minimus origin
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
90
gluteus minimus insertion
anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
91
gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
92
gluteus minimus action
Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported side
during its swing phase
93
tensor fasciae latae origin
anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest
94
tensor fasciae latae insertion
iliotibial tract
95
tensor fasciae latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
96
tensor fasciae latae action
abduction, flexion, and internal rotation at the hip joint
97
superior and inferior gemelli origin
Superior: Ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity
98
superior and inferior gemelli insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
99
superior and inferior gemelli innervation
Superior gemellus: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Inferior gemellus: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
100
Superior and inferior gemelli action
externally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum
101
quadratus femoris origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
102
quadratus femoris insertion
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
103
quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
104
quadratus femoris action
laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum
105
semitendinosus origin
Ischial tuberosity
106
semitendinosus insertion
medial surface of tibial tuberosity
107
semitendinosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)
108
semitendinosus action
Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.
109
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
110
semimembranosus insertion
medial tibial condyle, the oblique popliteal ligament, the popliteal fascia
111
semimembranosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)
112
semimembranosus action
Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it internally when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.
113
biceps femoris origin
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
114
biceps femoris insertion
Lateral side of head of fibula
115
biceps femoris innervation
Long head: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
Short head: common fibular nerve (L5-S2)
116
biceps femoris action
Flexes leg and rotates it externally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerating mass during first step of gait)
117
Tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
118
tibialis anterior insertion
medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
119
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
120
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
121
extensor digitorum longus origin
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
122
extensor digitorum longus insertion
middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
123
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
124
extensor digitorum longus action
extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle
125
extensor hallucis longus origin
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
126
extensor hallucis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
127
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
128
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
129
Fibularis tertius origin
Inferior third of anterior surface of
fibula and interosseous membrane
130
Fibularis tertius insertion
dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
131
Fibularis tertius innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
132
Fibularis tertius action
dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot
133
fibularis longus origin
head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
134
fibularis longus insertion
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
135
fibularis longus innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
136
fibularis longus action
everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
137
fibularis brevis origin
inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
138
fibularis brevis insertion
dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
139
fibularis brevis innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
140
fibularis brevis action
everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
141
Gastrocnemius origin
lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle
142
Gastrocnemius insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon
143
gastrocnemius innervation
tibial nerve (S1, S2)
144
gastrocnemius action
Plantarflexes ankle when the knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
145
soleus origin
posterior surface of the proximal fibula and the soleal line of the tibia
146
soleus insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon
147
soleus innervation
tibial nerve (S1, S2)
148
soleus action
plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot
149
plantaris origin
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament
150
plantaris insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon
151
plantaris innervation
tibial nerve (S1, S2)
152
plantaris action
flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the foot
153
Popliteus origin
lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
154
popliteus insertion
posterior surface of tibia and superior to soleal line
155
popliteus innervation
tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
156
popliteus action
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia
157
flexor hallucis longus origin
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane
158
flexor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
159
flexor hallucis longus innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
160
flexor hallucis longus action
Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
161
flexor digitorum longus origin
middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia
162
flexor digitorum longus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
163
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2, S3)
164
flexor digitorum longus action
flexes lateral four digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
165
tibialis posterior origin
Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula
166
tibialis posterior insertion
Tuberosity of navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
167
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve (L4, L5)
168
tibialis posterior action
plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot
