The Brain and ANS

Question 1

Broca’s area function

Answer 1

motor programming of speech (usually in the left hemisphere only)

Question 2

lesion of Broca’s area causes…

Answer 2

brocha’s aphasia (usually lesion in left hemisphere)

Question 3

sympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)

Answer 3

dilates pupil (admits more light for increased acuity at a distance)

Question 4

parasympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)

Answer 4

constricts pupil (protects pupil from excessively bright light)

contracts ciliary muscle, allowing lens to thicken for near vision (accommodation)

Question 5

sympathetic stimulation effect of skin

Answer 5

causes hairs to stand on end (goosebumps), vasoconstricts, promotes sweating

Question 6

parasympathetic stimulation effect of skin

Answer 6

No effect (does not reach)

Question 7

sympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)

Answer 7

secretion decreases, becomes thicker, more viscous

Question 8

parasympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)

Answer 8

promotes secretion, promotes abundant, watery secretion

Question 9

sympathetic stimulation effect of heart

Answer 9

increases the rate of strength of contraction; dilates coronary vessels

Question 10

parasympathetic stimulation effect of heart

Answer 10

decreases the rate and strength of contraction (conserving energy); promotes constriction of coronary vessels in relation to reduced demand

Question 11

sympathetic stimulation effect of lungs

Answer 11

inhibits effect of parasympathetic system, resulting in bronchodilation and reduced secretion, allowing for maximum air exchange

Question 12

parasympathetic stimulation effect of lungs

Answer 12

constricts bronchi (conserving energy) and promotes bronchial secretion

Question 13

sympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract

Answer 13

inhibits peristalsis, and constricts blood vessels to digestive tract so that blood is available to skeletal muscle; contracts internal anal sphincter to aid fecal continence

Question 14

parasympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract

Answer 14

promotes peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices

contracts the rectum, inhibits the internal anal sphincter to cause defecation

Question 15

sympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder

Answer 15

promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose (for increased energy)

Question 16

parasympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder

Answer 16

promotes building/conservation of glycogen; increases secretion of bile

Question 17

sympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract

Answer 17

vasoconstriction of renal vessels slows urine formation; internal sphincter of bladder contracted to maintain urinary continence

Question 18

parasympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract

Answer 18

inhibits contraction of the internal sphincter of the bladder, contracts detrusor muscle of the bladder wall causing urination

Question 19

sympathetic stimulation effect of genital system

Answer 19

causes ejaculation and vasoconstriction resulting in remission of erection

Question 20

parasympathetic stimulation effect of genital system

Answer 20

produces engorgement (erection)of erectile tissues of the external genitals

Question 21

sympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla

Answer 21

release of adrenaline into blood

Question 22

parasympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla

Answer 22

no effect (does not innervate)

Question 23

Frontal Lobe

Answer 23

controls executive functions like concentration, thinking, problem solving and judgement: motivation, emotions, muscle strength, and behavior

Question 24

Parietal Lobe

Answer 24

controls feeling on the opposite side of the body, ability to understand spoken language, ability to express yourself with language, and processing sensory information such as texture, temperature, and position in space

Question 25

Occipital Lobe

Answer 25

controls sight and processing information from the eyes, such as recognizing images

Question 26

Temporal Lobe

Answer 26

controls processing feelings of pain and hunger, fight-or-flight stress response, short-term memory, emotion, understanding words and directions

Question 27

Brainstem

Answer 27

controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and digestion. May also affect the nerves that come directly from the brain, movement, and the function of any senses

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

controls speech, balance and coordination of movement of the body; arms and legs

Question 29

What does the Basilar artery supply?

Answer 29

Brainstem & Cerebellum

Question 30

What does the vertebral artery supply?

Answer 30

Brain and spine

Question 31

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 31

the occipital lobe, the inferior part of the temporal lobe, and various deep structures including the thalamus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule

Question 32

What does the anterior inferior cerebral artery (AICA) supply?

Answer 32

Cerebellum and Pons

Question 33

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 33

midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain

Question 34

what does the posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) supply?

Answer 34

the medulla, the choroid plexus and tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle

Question 35

what does the internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 35

Brain and eyes

Question 36

internal carotid lesion

Answer 36

droopy eyelid, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, trouble understanding speech or speaking

Question 37

anterior cerebral artery lesion

Answer 37

contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of lower extremities, behavioral changes, aphasia, and apraxia

Question 38

anterior communicating artery lesion

Answer 38

causes visual symptoms

Question 39

middle cerebral artery lesion

Answer 39

contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of face and upper extremities, and speech deficits

Question 40

vertebral arteries lesion

Answer 40

loss of vision, double vision, vertigo, loss of coordination, dizziness, and confusion

Question 41

Basilar artery lesion

Answer 41

quadriplegia

Question 42

posterior cerebral artery lesion

Answer 42

acute vision loss, dizziness, memory loss, limb weakness, homonmyous hemianopia

Question 43

posterior communicating artery lesion

Answer 43

headache, mild vision loss, double vision

Question 44

caudate nucleus action

Answer 44

planning the execution of movement, but also in learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion, and romantic interaction

Question 45

left hemisphere roles

Answer 45

communicate, strategize and solve problems, memory, and analyze

Question 46

right hemisphere roles

Answer 46

creativity, intuition, emotional response, imagination

Question 47

putamen role

Answer 47

learning and motor control, including speech articulation, language functions, reward, cognitive functioning, and addiction

Question 48

globus pallidus role

Answer 48

control conscious and proprioceptive movements

Question 49

thalamus role

Answer 49

processing of sensory information

Question 50

substantia nigra role

Answer 50

production of dopamine

Question 51

internal capsule role

Answer 51

allows communication between areas of the cerebral cortex and areas of the brainstem

Question 52

hippocampus role

Answer 52

long-term memory formation and memory retrieval

Question 53

superior colliculus role

Answer 53

visual reflex center that allows eye movement, gaze shifts, and reactive reflexes like turning the head

Question 54

inferior colliculus role

Answer 54

hearing and reacting to auditory input with non-auditory systems

Question 55

mammillary bodies role

Answer 55

recollective memory

Question 56

hypothalamus role

Answer 56

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep

Question 57

red nucleus role

Answer 57

motor control and in maintenance of muscle tone

Question 58

pons role

Answer 58

handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

Question 59

occlusion of anterior inferior cellabellar artery (AICA)

Answer 59

ipsilateral CN 7 palsy, vertigo, nystagnus, loss of hearing, poor coordination, and balance. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations

Question 60

occlusion of posterior inferior cellabellar artery (PICA)

Answer 60

poor coordination and balance, CN X Palsy (trouble swallowing), Horners syndrome