Penis Dx Flashcards by Katya Angoua

Are congenital anomalies of penis common

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What is hypospadias

Urethra opens abnormally on the ventral surface of the penis

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What is epispadias

Abnormal urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis

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Why is there a almost all the time Urinary incontinence and recurrent infection and eventually infertility in epispadias

Because of defect in the urethral valve association

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Can we correct surgically hypospadias and epispadias

Yes

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What is phimosis

Foreskin or prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans because of abnormal small orifice

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If acquired what is the cause of phimosis

Inflammatory scarring of the prepuce

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What is the most common female Malformation

Phimosis

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What is paraphimosis

Phimotic prepuce forcibly retracted over the glans and cannot be restored

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Why is paraphimosis an emergency

Because there’s compromised blood flow with potential for grangrenous necrosis of the glans

Urethral constriction with acute retention of urine

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What’s infectious disease can you see on the penis

Viral bacterial fungal protozoan

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What are the type of transmission in infectious disease of the penis

Venereal

non-venereal

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What is balanoposthitis

Nonspecific penile infection with inflammation of both the glands and the prepuce generally with phimosis or large redundant prepuce interfering with cleanliness

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balanoposthitis organisms

staphylococcus

Streptococcus
candida albicans

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Consequence of balanoposthitis

Frankie ulceration of the glans

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What causes condyloma acuminatum

HPV type six or 11

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Meaning of spread of condyloma acuminatum

Venereal or by last direct means

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Main sites for condyloma acuminatum on penis

Inner surface of the prepuce

about the coronal sulcus

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Gross morphology of condyloma acuminatum

Single or multiple
Sessile or pedunculated
Reds papillary excrescences Varying sizes

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Micro findings in condyloma acuminatum

Fingerlike papillary connective tissue stroma
covered by thicken hyperplastic epithelium
excessive surface keratinization
koilocytes in superficial zone

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in which disease do you see condyloma lata

Syphilis

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Time between first chancre in syphylis and condyloma lata appearance

2 to 8 weeks

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Gross morphology of syphilitic wart or condyloma lata

Gray whites to erythematous 
painless
 Broad 
Moist plaques
 smooth papules on the skin of the shaft and prepuce

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Second name of Peyronie’s disease

Penile fibromatosis

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Cause of Peyronie’s disease

Unknow

Presentation of Peyronie’s disease

Focal fibrous induration of shaft of penis with abnormal curvature and painful erection

This disease is seen in 25% cases of Peyronie’s disease

Dupuytren’s contractor also known as Palmar fibromatosis

Micro of Peyronie’s disease

Dense fiber collagenous tissue in tunica albuginea or between Tunica and penile fascia

Does the lesion records after surgical removal in Peyronie’s disease

Yes

What is Priaprism

Unwanted ,inappropriate ,unrelated to sexual activity ,persistent ,painful erection

In which disease do you see priapism

``` Sickle cell disease chronic granulocytic leukemia spinal cord injury injection of vasodilator agents into the penis drugs like trazodone thrombosis of penile veins ```

Can priaprism lead to impotence

Yes

Exclusive type of carcinoma seen in penis

Squamous cell type

What is squamous cell carcinoma in situ of penis

Precancerous lesion with epithelium having features of malignancy but still confined to the epithelium without penetration of the basement membrane

What is another name for carcinoma in situ of the penis

Bowens disease or Erythroplasia

When do you say that there’s Bowens disease of penis

Lesions are on the shaft

When do you say that there’s Erythroplasia

Lesions are on the glans and prepuce

What is bowenoid papulosis

Seen in younger patients on the shaft of the penis with smaller often multiple in micro lesions same as in Bowens disease

Which strains of HPV do you mostly see in bowenoid papulosis

Three variants of intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis

Bowenoid papulosis Bowens disease Erythroplasia

What is the second name of verrucous carcinoma

Giants condyloma of buschke lowenstein

What is verrrucous carcinoma

Extensive exophytic warty or cauliflower like tumor of the penis involving destruction of the glans and the prepuce

Histologic features a verrucous carcinoma

Like condyloma accunimatum but downward proliferation of epithelium as broad compressive fronts in underlying tissue, focal cytologic atypia of the epithelium

Is verrucous carcinoma considered a low-grade squamous cell carcinoma or a high grade one

Low grade squamous cell carcinoma with true invasion through basement membrane

Can you surgically remove tumor in verrucous carcinoma and cure the disease

Yes

Incidence of | squamous cell carcinoma

Low in countries with high circumcision rates common in country where it’s not a norm 40-70 years old

Early lesions presentation of squamous cell carcinoma

Ulcer nodule or warty growth on the glans or inner surface of the prepuce

Late lesion presentation of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

tumors is the large ulcerated and fungated

Michael morphology of squamous cell carcinoma of penis

Well differentiated focal keratinization really poorly differentiated

Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma when limited to the penis

90 to 95%

Chronic prostatitis must be associated with what other disease

Nodular hyperplasia or prostatic hyperplasia

Age at risk of prostatic hyperplasia

Old age for people after 50 years

Over 70 years old percentage of male with prostatic hyperplasia at autopsy

95%

Is prostatic hyperplasia more common in the blacks or in the whites

The

Cause of prosthetic hyperplasia

Unknown

Why are old age most at risk of p prostatic hyperplasia

Imbalance of estrogen testosterone dihydrotestosterone due to old age High estradiol levels in old age

Drug given to reduce size of the clones in case of nodular hyperplasia

5 a reductase inhibitor

Prostatic hyperplasia symptoms

``` Frequency of urinE Difficulty initiating urination and stopping overflow incontinence dysuria acute retention ```

Macro morphology of prostatic hyperplasia

Well defined nodules surrounded by fibrous pseudocapsule main peripheral tissue compressed -> form thin rim focal areas of infarction in large nodules proliferation of epithelial cell of the glands and ductules smooth muscle cells and stromal fibroblasts form nodules

morphology of glandular hyperplasia

Small to large cystically dilated glands papillary projections and infoldings Inner layer of the columnar and outer cuboidal or flatten cell

Is nodular hyperplasia benign or malignant

Completely benign

Is there a relationship between nodular hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma

Can you have distention and hypertrophy of the urinary bladder and urinary stasis and urinary tract infection due to chronic retention of urine in nodular hyperplasia

Yes

Common tumor of the prostate

Carcinoma because benign tumors are uncommon

Most frequently diagnosed carcinoma in males

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Age of incidence of adenocarcinoma of prostate

Old age mostly after 60 years old

In which race is adenocarcinoma of the prostate more common

In the blacks

Risk factors of prostatic adenocarcinoma

Dietary fats increasing testosterone level

Symptoms of prosthetic adenocarcinoma

Asymptomatic in both early and advance | Dysuria ,difficulty of micturition ,increasing urinary infection frequency ,generally in metastatic tumor

Morphology of prostate in adenocarcinoma

``` Firm Hard nodular irregular ill defined Gray to grayish-yellow nodules ```

Do you see prostatic intraepithelial new pleasure in most cases of prosthetic carcinoma

Yes

Precursor lesion for invasive carcinoma of prostate

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Micro morphology of adenocarcinoma of prostate

Well defined glands small Lined by single layer of cuboidal cells papillary or cribiform patterns

Biochemical markers of prostate disease

Prostatic acid phosphatase ( only extraglandular disease. ) | Prostatic specific antigen

Treatment of cancer of the prostate

Surgical resection of lesions radiation therapy androgen deprivation

Penis Dx Flashcards

(75 cards)