Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproductive > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a bipotential tissue

A

Tissue that hasnt differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What protein direct development as a male

A

SRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With sry protein, gonadal medulla develops into…

A

Testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In absence of SRY protein, gonadal cortex becoes…

A

Ovarian tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

View sexual differentiation table

A

View

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 type of cells in testis

A

Leydig cells

Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In women , Mullerian duct develops into … and wolffian duct …

A

Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes

…degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pathway for male genitalia development

A

Presence of SRY gene => produces the SRY proteins
production of proteins SRY => gonad medulla differentiate into testis
testis has leydig cells and Sertoli cells
Leydig cells secrete testosterone => causes development of wolffian duct into vas deferens, epididymis and seminal vesicles
DHT control development of external genitalia
Sertoli cells secrete antimullarian hormone which causes regression of mullerian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pathway for female genitalia development

A

No SRY gene so no proteins
Gonadal cortex diff differentiate into ovarian tissue
Gonadal medulla degenerate
Mullerian duct become vagina uterus fallopian tubes
wolffian duct degenerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the sex steroid hormones Produced by the ovary

A

Estrogen

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the sex steroids produced by the testis

A

dihydrotestosterone

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do adrenal glands produce small amounts of sex steroids

A

Yes they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the precursor of all sex steroids

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s enzyme convert testosterone to estradiol

A

Aromatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

A

5 reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In reproduction what hormone is produced by the hypothalamus

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In reproduction what hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary

A

luteinizing hormone LH

follicle-stimulating hormone FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathway of hormonal control of reproduction

A

Stimuli comes to central nervous system
hypothalamus releases gonadotropin releasing hormone
gonadotropin releasing hormone causes release of Luiteinizing Hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
Luiteinizing Hormone causes release of steroids and peptides from endocrine cells in the gonads
follicle-stimulating hormone Induce gamete production from the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the effect if you have low androgen or estrogen

A

Absence or negative feedback with increased gonadotrophin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Moderates estrogen or androgen effects

A

negative feedback with decreased gonadotropin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

High androgen level effect feedback

A

Negative feedback with decreased gonadotropin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sustain high estrogen affect on feedback

A

Positive feedback with increased Gonadotropin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the external genitalia of males

A

Scrotum

penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the common passageway in male genitalia

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the accessory glands and ducts of the male reproductive system
Prostate gland seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland
26
What organ produces sperm
Testes through seminiferous tubules
27
Where do sperm mature in the testis
Epididymis
28
What is the passage way of sperm from the testes to the abdomen to get into the urethra
Vas deferens
29
What is the function of the Sertoli cells
Support and surrounds developing sperm
30
How do you LH & SSH act on leydig and Sertoli cells
LH act on Leydig cells to produce testosterone FSH act on Sertoli cells to produce cell products like paracrine signals needed for sperm development , androgen binding protein and inhibin
31
Accessory glands - Seminal vesicles ,prostate gland , Bulbourethral gland
32
What are all the function of the seminal vesicles
Sperm volume fructose vitamin C prostaglandins
33
What are all the function of the prostate gland
Sperm volume buffers citric acid enzymes
34
What are the function of the bulbourethral gland
Mucus buffers sperm volume
35
What is the composition of semen
``` Sperm mucus water Buffers nutrients( fructose citric acid vitamin C carnitine ) enzymes zinc prostaglandins ```
36
What are the secondary sexual characteristics of male
``` General body shape muscle development body hair deep voice beard male sexual behavior like libido ```
37
What are the general function of estrogen and progesterone
Prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy
38
What are the J external genitalia of female
``` Labia majora labia minora clitoris vagina with hymen urethral opening in labia minora ```
39
What are the internal organs of the female reproductive system
Vagina uterus- cervix ,endometrium ,myometrium fallopian tube with fimbriae ovary
40
What are the follicle in the ovary
The structure where oocytes develop
41
What are the function of the theca cells and the Granulosa cells
Theca cells Produce androgens which the Granulosa cells turn into estrogens Theca cell also produce progesterone
42
What is the function of the corpus luteum in the ovary
Responsible for production of hormone progesterone to maintain reproduction
43
What are the phases of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase ovulation luteal phase
44
What is the follicular phase in the ovarian cycle
Proliferation of granulosa cells development of the antrum maturation of the oocytes
45
What is the ovulation phase in the ovarian cycle
The follicle burst | oocyte is released
46
What is the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum
47
How are the level of LH and FSH during follicular phase
low
48
How are the levels of estrogen inhibin and progesterone during the follicular phase
Low
49
How are the level of LHNFSH during ovulation
High
50
How are the levels of estrogen Inhibin and progesterone during ovulation
Estrogen peaks inhibij increases a little progesterone still low
51
How is the
52
Luteal phase level of LH and FSH
Very low
53
Level of prgesterone, estrogen and inhibin during luteal phase
High progesterone high inhibin Decreasing estrogen but still moderate amount
54
Why do women have menses
Pregnancy not achieved , endometrium is shed
55
What are the 3 phases in the uterine cycle
Proliferative phase Secretory phase Menses
56
What is the proliferative phase
Endometrium grows in preparation for pregnancy
57
Secretory phase
Endometrial secretion promote implantation
58
Estrogen, inhibin and progesterone level in menses phases
Low for everything
59
inhibin, estrogen and progesterone level during proliferative phase
Inhibin a little high estrogen very high Prgesterone low
60
Inhibin, progesterone and estrogen levels in secretory phase
Prgesterone very high Inhibin very high estrpgen a little high
61
What are the extra ovarian hormones
GnRH FSH LH
62
Ovarian hormones
Estrogen | Progesterone
63
Hormone that stimulates Follicular development
FSH
64
What is the effects of progesterone On the endometrium
Dimitri I’m develops further with cervical mucus which thickens
65
If there is implantation what hormone maintains the corpus luteum
hcG
66
What is the function of corpus luteum during implantation
Produce progesterone and estrogen
67
What are the female characteristics control by estrogen
Breast development | distribution of body fat
68
What characteristics are controlled by the adrenal androgens
Sex drive | growth of pubic an axillary hair
69
Phases of coitus
Excitement plateau orgasm resolution
70
What is the erection. Reflex
Erection erection is a vascular events due to central nervous system and spinal integration
71
what is emission after erection
The sperm enter the urethra
72
What is ejaculation
The sperm exit the urethra
73
Explain the pathway of erection and ejaculation in males
Stimuli like touch or thoughts Higher brain center sends parasympathetic stimulation to the penis through descending automomic pathway Sympathetic is inhibited Materials are vasodilated Influx of blood create erection Tactile stimuli received by mechanoreceptors send information from sensory neuron to high center so that they can also get these messages
74
What are some form of contraceptive
Abstinence which can be total or just during periods of female fertility Barriers surgery blocking implantation hormone treatments to reduce gamete production
75
Which type of contraceptive method is the weakest other than no contraception
Spermicides
76
Where are the sperm capacitation occur in the female
In the vagina
77
Where does the sperm reach oocyte
In the ampulla of the fallopian tube
78
How do you sperm penetrates the cells and the zona pellucida of the egg
Capacitated sperm readings and signs from there acrosomes in order to penetrates the egg
79
At what time does the blastocyst arrives in the uterus
At about day 4 or 5
80
What is implantation
When the blastocysts invades the endometrium
81
What is the chorion
Tissue layer that encloses the developing embryo
82
What is the amnion
Tissue layer that secretes amniotic fluids suspending the embryo
83
What is the function of the chorionic villi
Contain embryonic blood vessels
84
What is the pathway of blood vessels from the mother to the embryo
Mother brings oxygenated blood Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the embryo umbilical arteries return non Oxygenated blood bring blood to placenta
85
What is the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone
hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum which is also the basis of pregnancy test
86
What is the human placental lactogen
Hormone responsible for breast development and metabolic affects of pregnancy
87
What is the role of estrogen and purple progesterone during pregnancy
They maintain pregnancy and the normal development
88
What happens prior to labor
Softening of the cervix
89
What happens during the labor
There’s rhythmic uterine contractions There’s positive feedback of oxytocin released cervical dilation
90
How is labor onset
CRH | Stretch of cervix
91
What is the role of oxytocin in labor
Stimulates prostaglandin release and positive feedback creates more contractions which release more oxytocin
92
How does estrogen play into puberty
Stimulates growth of ducts and fatty position
93
What hormone stimulates further glands development in pregnancy
Estrogen growth hormone cortisol
94
Elite pregnancy what hormone stimulates conversion of duct to secretory epithelium
Progesterone
95
Before birth how is milk secretion controlled
Prolactin inhibiting hormone blocks prolactin secretion | High sex steroids levels suppress milk production
96
How is milk secretion controlled afterbirth
High prolactin low estrogen causes lactation
97
What makes up breastmilk
Nutrients | immunity factors
98
How old is sickening control milk secretion
Inhibits products in inhibiting hormone which I love milk production and oxytocin stimulates the let down reflex
99
Why does menopause occur
Ovary cease to respond to LH and FSH and there’s also low levels of estrogen and progesterone no egg developments
100
What are the symptoms of menopause
Hot flashes | increased osteoporosis risk

Reproductive (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions