Perception

Question 1

perception

Answer 1

a set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli

Question 2

Audition

Answer 2

our ability to hear: made of the external ear, ear drum, middle ear, cochlea, and auditory nerve

Question 3

the type of hair cells lost first are ____

Answer 3

high-frequency hair cells due to more stress and early appearance

Question 4

auditory perceptual disorder

Answer 4

reduced ability to perceive information from auditory stimuli despite intact pathways

Question 5

olfaction (olfactory)

Answer 5

our sense of smell, small molecules enter the nose and there is a direct input to the brain

Question 6

hyposmia; anosmia

Answer 6

reduced ability to detect odors; inability to detect odors

Question 7

congenital anosmia

Answer 7

when one is born without their sense of smell

Question 8

parosmia

Answer 8

change in the normal perception of odors

Question 9

phantosmia

Answer 9

sensation of an odor that isn’t really there

Question 10

gustation

Answer 10

taste sense from our tongue; 4 main are sweet, sour, salty, and bitter

Question 11

what other senses affect taste?

Answer 11

smell, sight, and touch

Question 12

what does gustation tell us?

Answer 12

how to engage with the environment accurately, internal signaling of how well your brains orders are being followed

Question 13

Sensory Homunculus

Answer 13

hands, lips, tongue, gentials

Question 14

nociceptors

Answer 14

pain receptors

Question 15

phantom limb

Answer 15

after amputation, continued feeling of a limb being present and periodic pain where the limb used to be

Question 16

photoreceptor cells

Answer 16

rods and cones

Question 17

rods

Answer 17

detect levels of light and are more toward our peripheries of the eye, more rods than cones. Several rods are connected to the same interneuron/output

Question 18

cones

Answer 18

red, green, and blue are responsible for our perception of colors and hues and near the fovea. One cone is connected to one interneuron/output

Question 19

scotopic vision

Answer 19

responsible for vision at low light (rods)

Question 20

photopic vision

Answer 20

responsible for color vision and high light and spatial acuity

Question 21

dark adaptation

Answer 21

as we adapt, we see better, but the outside world didnt change => due to rods

Question 22

visual illusions

Answer 22

we make inferences based on what is more common but this can be deceiving

Question 23

if we see the background of the dress picture as lighter…

Answer 23

we see the dress as blue

Question 24

if we see the background of the dress picture as darker

Answer 24

the dress looks more white and gold

Question 25

rotating mask illusion

Answer 25

as the mask rotates we make a face out of the back => unlikely objects tend to be mistaken for likely ones

Question 26

perceptual constance

Answer 26

tendency to perceive an object we are familiar with as having a constant shape

Question 27

gestalt laws

Answer 27

set of principles that proposes humans naturally percieve organized patterns and objects

Question 28

Answer 28

gestalt => proximity

Question 29

Answer 29

gestalt => similarity

Question 30

Answer 30

gestalt => common fate

Question 31

Answer 31

gestalt => good continuation

Question 32

Answer 32

gestalt => good form

Question 33

Answer 33

gestalt => closure

Question 34

contrast effect

Answer 34

perception of an intensified or heightened difference between two stimuli when they are juxtaposed

Question 35

facial inversion effect

Answer 35

when faces are upright we easily see distortions but when upside down we fail to notice these

Question 36

prospagnosia

Answer 36

difficulty in the ability to recognize faces isn't attributed to intellectual function

Question 37

the face processing area is in the ___ region in the ___ lobe

Answer 37

fusiform; temporal

Question 38

ventral stream

Answer 38

temporal pathway for shape recognition (WHAT)

Question 39

Dorsal stream

Answer 39

parietal pathway for object location (WHERE)

Question 40

agnosia

Answer 40

inability to process sensory information

Question 41

visual agnosia

Answer 41

only seeing parts of an object instead of a whole; damage to WHAT pathway

Question 42

anomia

Answer 42

inability to name objects

Question 43

optic ataxia

Answer 43

damage to superior regio in the posterior parietal cortex; trouble reaching to pick up objects but can be named just fine

Question 44

blindsight

Answer 44

inability to see despite healthy eyes and subconscious use of visual information

Question 45

synethesia

Answer 45

when senses get mixed up

Question 46

chromesthesia

Answer 46

colors cause sound and sound causes colors to show up