Perception Flashcards
sensation
the recieval of info from the five senses
perception
making sense or interpreting the info recieved from your five sense
monocular depth cue
a way of detecting depth or distance that works with only one eye
height in plane
how high the object appears in the image
relative size
how large an object appears in an image
occlusion
when one part of an object appears to cover part of another object
linear perspective
when straight lines are arranged so that they would come together at a point on the horizon
Binocular depth cues
a way of detecting depth or distance that requires two eyes to work
convergence
a depth perception that uses the extent to which eye muscles have to work in order to focus on images/objects. The closer the image is, the more the eye muscles have to work
retinal disparity
the difference between the images recieved through each eye as they view the world from a different angle. The closer an object is, the bigger the difference in the two images.
gibson’s direct theory of perception
- perceptual abilities are innate and do not have to be learnt through experience.
- we have enough info to understand the world around us by using sensory information
- visual info such as light, texture and detail helps us make judgements about distance, movement and depth
- motion parallax is a monocular depth cue which helps us understand movment.
- it is a bottom up theory
How is perception direct according to Gibson?
Gibson argues that the environment presents sufficient information to make sense of the world.
role of motion parallax in everyday perception
type of depth perception cue in which objects that are closer, appear to move faster than objects that are far away.
- provides perceptual info about speed and distance
Evaluate GIbsons theory of perception
D: cannot explain why perception is sometimes inaccurate, eg getting tricked by visual illusions, not a full explanation to perception
A; high ecological validity, he used evidence collected in real life settings such as using pilots than through lab experiments
D: conflicting evidence, evidence shows that factors such as expectation and culture affect perception. This challenges Gibson’s theory and suggests nuture plays a role.
misinterpreted depth cues
wrongly applying the rules of depth perception
ambiguity
when an object can equally be one thing or another
fiction
creating something that isn’t really there to complete an image
size constancy
keeping our orginal perception the size of an object, even when the info recieved by our eyes changes
ponzo illusion
MISINTERPRETED DEPTH CUE. The horizontal line on top appears to be longer than the horizontal line towards the bottom, though they are the same length
Muller-lyer illusion
MISINTERPRETED DEPTH CUE. The line with outgoing arrows is percieved to be longer than the line with ingoing arrows. Though the lengths of the lines are the same.
Rubins vase illusion
AMBIGIOUS. You can percieve the image as a vase or as two faces.
Ames Room
MDC and size constancy. The room is actually a trapezium but due to size constancy we thinks its a normal room. It makes it seem like one person is tiny whilst the other is massive.
Gregory’s theory of perception
- perception is an active process because it involves drawing inferences
- perception is constructed using both sensations and stored knowledge
- we learn how to percieve as we interpret sensory info using what we already know
- stored knowledge and expectations come from past experiences
- perception gets more sophisticated as we get older
- we use visual cues to help percieve depth and distance
- mistakes in perception, such as being tricked by visual illusions, are the result of misinterpreting visual cues
Why is perception contructivist according to Gregory?
Perception uses inferences from visual cues and past experience to construct a model of reality
