Perception & Neuropsychology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is sensation?
Brain registers sensory information.
Sensation is the initial stage in processing sensory input.
What is perception?
Brain assigns meaning to sensory information.
Perception follows sensation and interprets the sensory data.
What are the two distinct processes related to sensation?
Sensation and perception.
They are related but serve different functions in processing sensory information.
What are the stages of visual processing?
Early stage and late stage.
Early stage occurs at the eye level, while late stage occurs in the inferior temporal cortex.
What happens to energy absorbed by sensory organs?
It is converted to neural signals by sensory receptors.
This process is essential for sending information to the brain for processing.
What are the layers of the eye?
Cornea, middle layer, inner layer, retina.
The retina contains photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals.
What is the function of photoreceptors in the retina?
Convert light to neural signals.
Photoreceptors include rods and cones.
What are the four brain lobes involved in visual processing?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital.
Each lobe plays a distinct role in processing different aspects of visual information.
What is the role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?
It is part of the visual pathway located in the subcortex.
The LGN relays visual information to the primary visual cortex.
What is the ventral stream responsible for?
Pattern/object recognition.
It is also known as the ‘what’ pathway in visual processing.
What is the dorsal stream responsible for?
Spatial vision and motion.
This pathway is referred to as the ‘where’ pathway.
What is retinotopic mapping?
Point-to-point mapping from retina to brain areas.
This mapping becomes more complex as it progresses.
What phenomenon does lateral inhibition enhance?
Contrast.
An example is the Herman Grid illusion.
What is blindsight?
Ability to localize but not identify objects in a damaged field.
This occurs despite visual impairment.
What is achromatopsia?
Loss of color vision.
It is caused by damage to area V4 in the brain.
What characterizes apperceptive visual agnosia?
Basic perception failure.
Individuals cannot perceive shapes and forms correctly.
What are the two types of visual simultagnosia?
Dorsal and ventral simultagnosia.
Dorsal affects spatial perception, while ventral affects complex perception.
What is the bottom-up theory of pattern perception?
From simple features to complex image.
This theory emphasizes the role of sensory input.
What is the top-down theory of pattern perception?
Using prior knowledge and experience.
This approach utilizes existing cognitive frameworks.
What are binocular depth perception cues?
Retinal disparity, convergence/divergence.
These cues rely on both eyes working together.
What are monocular depth perception cues?
Interposition, relative size, linear perspective, texture, shadows.
These cues can be perceived with one eye.
What does the trichromatic theory explain?
Three cone types sensitive to red, green, blue.
This theory accounts for color vision.
What does the opponent-process theory describe?
Bipolar/RGCs process color opposites (red-green, blue-yellow).
This theory complements the trichromatic theory.
What did Descartes propose about brain function?
Pineal gland as integration center.
This was an early theory regarding the brain’s role in cognition.
