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Performance Flashcards

1
Q

Who was considered the voice of egypt

A

Umm Kulthum
She had the status of a national monument

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2
Q

Main themes in cultural studies

A

Representation
Expression
power

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3
Q

What are the 4 defining features in performence

A

Expression
Evolving
Power
West

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4
Q

Arab Poetry overview

A

Reynolds retraces its origin to the mormadic tribes

When poetry arrived to al Andalus in spain
The islamic golden age took place and it was used as a new form of expression of the arabic language

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5
Q

What were the main features of arab poetry

A

They were a form of melodic expression
People would often sing the poetry, and it would be played with music in the background
Lahn and maqam

Tjemes of wine love and sensuality but there still remained a religious aspect

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6
Q

Who were the 3 clasical arab poets

A

Al Mattanabi
Imru Qays
Al Busiri

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7
Q

Classic poetry- how was it spread

A

People would remember lines in the poerms

Poems were recited rather than read

Those who had access to poetry were of higher education and class

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8
Q

Who are the 3 main figures of modern arab poetry

A

Khalil Jibran

Adonis

Mahmoud Darwish

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9
Q

Significance of Khalil Jibran

A

After the renaissance and the nahda
Witness the transformation of the arab language
New authors emerged and lightened the arab poetic style
Khalil- émigré arabs following Lebanese struggles- wrote in Arabic and south and north American languages

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10
Q

Significance of Adonis

A

Part of a collective called shiir
Introduced philosophical notions and modernised it

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11
Q

Significance of Mahmoud Darwish

A

Evocative poetry using symbolism and metaphors
Highlighted the palestinian struggle through his poetry

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12
Q

What are the features of arab poetry

A

Tied to a higher social class

Consumed in specific settings like performance places which gave it an oral status

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13
Q

What was Egypt like during the beginning of the 20th centrut

A

beginning of the colonial empire
rapid and exponential growth
Huge tension betwen political freedom and colonial aims

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14
Q

Key Events in Egypt 20th cent

A

The nahda

British colonialism

1919 revolution Widrow Wilson produces princip;le of self determination
A group of nationalists demanded these principles, and the British arrested them, so ppl got angry and revolted

Rise of the Wafd party

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15
Q

Who led the Wafd party

A

Saad Zaghlul

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16
Q

Who was king at the time

A

King Farouq

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17
Q

What were the 2 main institutions for musicla performance and aims

A

National Conservatory of egypt- train musicians

Opera house- perform

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18
Q

What was there an emergence of in the 20th centruyt

A

Divas in Egypt

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19
Q

Which author and what book focused on divas in egypt

A

Raphael Cormack
Midnight in Cairo
The divas of egypts roaring 20s

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20
Q

Features of divas

A

Clubbing and parties
Increased night life like cabarets
Live msuics
Women led- women pivotal performance

Pushing boundaries- increased nudity- more westen

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21
Q

Example of a traditional diva

A

Azziza amir

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22
Q

Who is um Kultumm

A

She represents more than a singer- shes a symbol

She is a major pillar of arab culture

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23
Q

When was umm kulthum born?

A

1904

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24
Q

Background on Umm Kulthum

A

She was born in a small village in the upper nile
She came from a peasant background

Her father and brother were musciiams and came from a peasant background

25
What was different about her
Her voice was very evocative, and she would dress up as a boy to be able to sing at the weddings
26
When did she move to Cairo and Why?
in the 1920s because her reputation grew and there were greater opportunities there fo singing
27
What was her initial persona What was an issue
Sheika She wasnt as popular ciz nufity and night club status from other divas were more of an appeal
28
What did she change her name to and what does it mean
Umm Kulthum Mother
29
How did she alter her persona
Changed her appearance Connected with the conservatory and trained a new generation of singers Remained herself and adapted her style Performed with a different background, instead of father and brother, more of a westernised orchestra but also oud and violin Secured bigger deals Entered into elite social circles
30
Who was her lyricist and what did he do
Abdel Wahhab He adopted old poetry and modernised them into his songs This fit better into umm kulthums genre
31
When did she get a recording contract and with who?
Odium in 1926
32
Why was umm kulthm so successfuL?
Onstage presence is remarkable- voice is so powerful to hold the audience in the palm of her hands Provokes so many emotions: deep voice and emotion and love and longing to make you really feel it Involved in the writing process, would resequence the lyrics Sheer musical skill Role of composers and writers and changing her team depending on the era depending on context How she spoke to the masses and appealed to higher social classes even as a peasant Tapped into both classical heritage but also westerned it though orchestra- the ugnia- long songs that last a lomg time
33
Who wrote a book about umm kulthum and what was it tiited
The voice of Egypt Virginia Danielson
34
What were two main things to attribute to umm kulthums success
Radio Pan Arabism
35
Radio
In 1926, when she signed with Odium, radio technology allowed for the spreading of her songs While she was able to play it to an audience in the theatre She could also allow others outside to hear Overcame limitations like lak of time and lack of money Part of her agreement was to not only record her songs in CD format but alos to transmit her performances through the radio agency
36
Hypothesis surrounding umm kulthum
Songs not reserved to elite Egyptians Writing songs to majority
37
What did danielson say in 122
Umm Kulthum became the singer who "taught poetry to the masses"
38
What is pan arabism?
Politics
39
Background on pan arabism
She comes from peasant background but carving social ranks King Farouq gives er an award but a lot of corruption 19952 and other military officers carry out a coup and Egypt becomes a socialist state and tone of country changes a lot Rather than clash, Nasser politician understands the power of umm kalthum Nasser uses power of radio- sound of arab
40
Similarities between umm kulthum and Nasser
Both of peasant background and loved by people High standards of morality and conduct Both ambitious and detail oriented leaders Engage in Egyptian dialect rather than formalistic Arabic
41
Give background on concers for egypt
1967- 6 days war between israel and arab states Israel illegally occupy territories Umm Kulthum scales her involvement Nasser was figurehead and 1967- arab cause on stage misunderstood She strats carrying ot concernts for Egypt Around th world and proceeds go to Egypt
42
What status was umm kulthum given
leader or symbol status Major honour
43
When did she die and what was her funeral like?
1975 Funeral like head of state
44
Cnsequence of umm kulthum death
Gap in arab cultural music scene
45
2 headings of the aftermath
Other divas emerging Umm kulthum influe ce on pop
46
Name a key diva following umm kulthum
Fairuz
47
Backhround on fairuz
Fairuz Lebanese singer emerhed in same environment Known for deep and evocative voice Love, longing and poetry Performance crucial for her rise
48
NAme and date her most memorable songs
Ya Tayr (1967) Al Bostah (1979) Li Beirut (1984)
49
Name a significant festibal why
1973 baalbeck festival Announced herself as the one to fill the gap
50
issue duting these times
Opportunities diminished in 970s and 1980s due to civil war fight between muslim and Christians Boycotts concerts and forced o perform abroad cuz it was undafe
51
Name some other arab divas and where theyre from
Elissa- lebanon Majda al Rouini- lebanon Wrda al Jazairiya- algeria
52
Features of modern arab pop
Arab pop characterised by musical clip- abdel Axix posits this theory Features Songs are shorter Image conscious- how they appear to the public- more dancing and colour to appeal to the public New broadcast technologuy,ie. Spotify, youtube More of a western influencep takes elements from mTV etc
53
Name 3 arab hits and date them and theme them
Nancy Ajram “ah w Nos” (2004) Love and flirting Hakim “el Salam alaikom” (2002) hello- comedy Saber Robaï “Sidi Mansour” (2000) love for a woman
54
Impact on society
Didnt appeal to just elites but the masses
55
Impact on astheic
Allowed for innovation and a sense of hertiage
56
Impact of radio
used as a tool to bring about a broader audience
57
Impact of perfromance
Allowed for evolution and was the main thread
58

MCME (5 decks)

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