Performance Enhancing Substances Flashcards
1
Q
What products can be sold as dietary supplements in the US?
A
- Product other than tobacco intended to supplement diet that contains one or more of:
- A vitamin
- A Mineral
- An herb or botanical
- An amino acid
- A dietary Substance for use by humans to supplement the diet by increasing total intake
- A concentrate, metabolite, etc of any ingredient above
2
Q
What is an Ergogenic Aid?
A
- Substance, Mechanical Aid, or Training method that improves sports performance
3
Q
What are Anabolic Steroids?
A
- Synthetic (man made) derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone
4
Q
What is Human Chorionic Gonadotropin?
A
- Hormone obtained from the placenta of a pregnant female
- Increases production of testosterone in the testicles
- Usually used by a steroid user finishing a cycle to start up his own testosterone production
5
Q
Why is insulin used as an ergogenic aid?
A
- Secreted by pancreas in response to blood glucose
- Facilitates uptake of glucose
- Taken to potentiate the effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin like growth factors
6
Q
What is Human Growth Hormone?
A
- Protein secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
- Stimulates growth of bone and skeletal muscle
- Anabolic and helps reduce body fat
- Not detected via urine drug test
- Can cause acromegaly after puberty or gigantism before puberty
7
Q
What is Erythropoeitin?
A
- Protein hormone produced in kidneys and stimulates production of new red blood cells
- Associated with elevations of Hematocrit and Hemoglobin
- Used primarily by aerobic endurance athletes
8
Q
How can beta blockers be used as an ergogenic aid?
A
- Decrease anxiety and tremors during performance
9
Q
Why are essential amino acids used before or after resistance training?
A
- When used before or after resistance training they can increase production of muscle mass more so than with training only
10
Q
Why is Beta Alanine used in supplementation?
A
- May elevate muscle carnosine levels which can improve exercise performance and is most useful in Type 2 muscle and high intensity athletes
11
Q
Why is creatine used as supplement?
A
- Plays an essential role in rephosphorylating ADP
- Depletion of Creatine Phosphokinase is primary mechanism leading to fatigue
- Increases strength, reduces fatigue and enhances post workout recovery
