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Nurs 2800 > Perfusion Patho > Flashcards

Perfusion Patho Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiac Output equation

A

CO = SV x HR

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2
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

Amount of blood pumped from the heart

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3
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of blood leaving heart

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4
Q

What can effect Preload

A

Stretch the blood places on ventricles when max filled

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5
Q

What effects preload

A

venous return

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6
Q

After load

A

resistance against the heart
inverse of cardiac output (low afterload high cardiac output)

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7
Q

Frank - starling effect

A

more stretch more contractility

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8
Q

What can affect after load

A

arthrosclerosis - increase afterload

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9
Q

Perfusion in Pregnancy

A

heart enlarges
increased workload

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10
Q

Perfusion can effect the gut giving what symptoms

A

N/V

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11
Q

Why do people cough when lungs aren’t profused according to nursing school

A

pulmonary edemaw

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12
Q

modifiable risk factors for perfusion issues

A

Smoking (vasoconstriction)
HTN (increased afterload)
obesity (increased strain)
Physical inactivity
Diabetes (Leads to narrowing of vessels)

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13
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors of perfusion issues

A

sex
age
famiily hx

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14
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

Creatine kinase
CK isoenzymes
Troponin T and Troponin 1

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15
Q

Lipid profile for perfusion is used for

A

a risk assessment

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16
Q

BNP brain (b-type) natriuretic peptide

A

monitor and help dx Heart failure

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17
Q

Homocysteine

A

endothelial damage in the lining of heart

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18
Q

Hypertension stages

A

Normal <120/80
Elevated BP 120-129/<80
Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2: >140/>90

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19
Q

Primary hypertension

A

Primary is no other reason causing HTN

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20
Q

Secondary Hypertension

A

HTN that is caused by other disease

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21
Q

Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for

A

coronary heart disease

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22
Q

Untreated or poorly treated HTN

Study These Flashcards
A

organ damage and athrosclerosis
stroke doubles everytime SYS doubles
retinopathy

23
Q

Symptoms of HTN

Study These Flashcards
A

usually asymptomatic need more to dx

24
Q

how dx HTN

Study These Flashcards
A

2 bp checks at least a week a part
family hx
focused medical hx

25
Treatment
TLC Drug therapy
26
Pharm 1 line Treatment for HTN
ACE ARB Calcium Channel blockers Thiazide diuretics
27
Black people 1st line treatment for HTN
Calcium Channel blockers or thiazide Only use 1 (mono
28
Goal of therapy in general for HTN
keep BP below 130/80
29
Atherosclerosis
thickening or hardening of the arteries large and small
30
Risk factors
cholesteral male until women reach menopause HTN metabolic syndrome (have a couple of these (apple shaped, cholesterol issues, diabetes) cigarette smoking
31
CAD definition
- narrowing or occlusion of 1 or more coronary arteries -Once it narrows results in angina pectoris - occlusion = MI
32
Etiology of CAD
Atherosclerosis with plaque within the walls cannot dilate when the myocardium demands more o2
33
Causes angina
ischemia to the heart * exercise * mental stress * hyperthyroidism (Tachycardia) * heart failure (myocardium thickens and increases tension) * HTN
34
Angina literally means
suffocation of the chest - heart doesn't have pain receptors (enzymes, substance P, travel to nearby pain receptors)
35
Types of angina
Stable (during increased effort stop and it goes away) unstable (doesnt go away and can appear during rest) variant/vasospastic (prinzmetals) - spasm in coronary artery causing ischemia during rest Silent - myocardial ischemia without pain
36
Variant/vasospasm
can happen at the same time each day and is treated different (chronic)
37
Peripheral Vascular Disorders (PVD)
over arching term including vascular diseases - DVT - PAD - PVD
38
Symptoms of PVD Arterial
Narrow artery ischemia and necrosis cool legs weak pulses pain from ischemia
39
"VEINY" venous symptoms of PVD
V - voluptuous pulses warm legs E - Edema from blood pooling I - irregular shaped sores N - no sharp pain (achy pain) Y - yellow and brown ankles
40
ARTS Acronym
A - absent or weak pulses and hair R - Round, Red sores (RUBOR!!!!!!) usually on feet heels or lateral ankles pressure sores T - toes and feet are pale (ischemia) and black (necrosis S - sharp pain in calf
41
Peripheral Artery Disease etiology
Atherosclerosis is an important cause sAME RISK FACTORS ARE SIMILAR TO ATHEROSCLEROSIs (didn tmean to cap)
42
Manifestations of PAD
- Intermittent claudication (pain upon walking due to ischemia in muscle) - paresthesia (numbness and tingling - shiny tight and bald skin - thickening toenails - absent pulses - elevation pallor - Dependent rubor - prolonged cap refill and cool extremities (duh) - rest pain (really bad) - ulceration and gangrene
43
When do you notice pain in PAD
at 50% occlusion
44
diagnosing PAD
Doppler ultrasound/ palpation of lower extremity pulses - ankle brachial index (measure pulse) - exercise tolerance testing - arteriography/angiogram -invasive, but great results
45
treatment of PAD
Decrease considerable cardiovascular risk reduce symptoms
46
Methods to treat PAD
manage risk factors antiplatelet protect affected tissue
47
Peripheral venous disease
not getting enough blood back from extremities
48
Etiology of Venous disorders (3 diseases)
VTE/DVT Incompetent valves Vericose veins
49
VIrchows triad
venous stasis (physical) endothelial injury (trauma) being hypercoagulable (medical)
50
Who is at the greatest risks
people with the most riskfactors and symptoms wins
51
manifestations in Chronic venous insufficiens
Venous ulcers (yuk) in the gaiter area
52
Dx of venous
doppler (duplex something Contrast phlebography -venography
53
arterial ulcers are
deep dry and painful
54
complications of venous ulcers
gangrene, critical limb ischemia, infection/sepsis all can lead to amputation

Nurs 2800 (16 decks)

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