Perinatal and Newborn Health Flashcards Preview

AANP FNP: Pediatrics > Perinatal and Newborn Health > Flashcards

Flashcards in Perinatal and Newborn Health Deck (28)
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1
Q

Newborn screening tests for hearing

A
BAER test (Brainstem auditory evoked response)
observe response to loud voice/noise
2
Q

When would you want to repeat the newborn screening blood tests?

A
  • If the baby was initially screened before 24 hours of age

- If the infant appears symptomatic

3
Q

Newborn screening exam includes

A

PKU
Galactosemia
Hemoglobinopathies
Congenital hypothyroidism

4
Q

Barlow and Ortolani

A
  • Used to check for hip dysplasia
  • Barlow: femoral head slips/dislocates during ADDUCTION
  • Ortolani: click felt as joint relocates during ABDUCTION
5
Q

How many blood vessels in the umbilical cord?

A

2 arteries and 1 vein

6
Q

What disorders could macroglossia suggest?

A

Hypothyroidism
Down’s syndrome
Mucopolysaccharoidosis

7
Q

Choanal atresia

A

Narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by tissue

8
Q

What could it mean if sclera is blue?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

may appear bluish in premies

9
Q

Common causes of wide fontanels?

A
  • premie, IUGR
  • hypothyroidism
  • hydrocephalus
  • Down Syndrome
10
Q

When does the posterior fontanel close?

A

May not be palpable at birth but should definitely be closed by 2-3 months

11
Q

How big is the anterior fontanel?

When does it close?

A

2-5cm

by 18 months

12
Q

Bossing

A
  • Protuberant forehead

- Suggests Rickets, prematurity

13
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Does NOT cross the midline (blood is under periosteum)

14
Q

Caput succadeneum

A

Cone head, crosses midline. Resolves in 2-3 days.

15
Q

Hemangioma

A

“Strawberry mark”

shrink and fade after 6 months old, benign

16
Q

What should be ruled out with port wine stain?

A

Sturge-Webber (seizures and glaucoma), especially if they come to the midline and go over the eye

17
Q

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

A
  • Most common newborn rash
  • Blotchy red spots with overlying white or yellow pustules
  • Appears at day 2-5, resolves by 2 weeks
  • Benign
18
Q

Miliaria

A

Obstructed sweat glands, “prickly heat”, benign

19
Q

Newborn vital signs

A

Temp ≤ 100.4F
Pulse 120-170 BPM
Respirations 30-70 breaths per minute
BP less than 112/74 mmHg (systolic no less than 60)

20
Q

What is asymmetric IUGR?

A

head circumference and length are normal, but weight is less than 10th percentile

21
Q

What is symmetric IUGR?

A

head circumference, length, and weight are all less than 10th percentile

22
Q

Definition of “term” baby

A

Born 37-41 weeks

23
Q

Average newborn head circumference, weight, and length

A

13-14 inches head circumference
7 pounds
20-21 inches in length

24
Q

Age of newborn viability?

Age of newborn viability PLUS lung maturity?

A

24 weeks

34 weeks

25
Q

APGAR

A

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations

Scored at 1 and 5 minutes

26
Q

How can hypothyroidism affect infants?

What are some physical signs of hypothyroidism?

A
  • mental retardation, neurologic and metabolic abnormalities

- macroglossia, wide fontanels

27
Q

plethora

A

ruddy/blotchy skin associated with too many RBCs (polycythemia)

28
Q

How many newborns have heart murmurs?

A

Up to 85 percent