Period 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Spain Colonization
God, Glory, Gold
Most income from precious metals
Mostly male
Dutch and French Colonization
Looking for profit
Better relationship w/ Natives (intermarriage + trade)
English Colonization
Largest population
Most income from agriculture
Focused on agriculture
Usually hostile w/ Natives
More equal male/female ratio
Reasons for the development of the slave trade
Demand for cheap labor:
Less indentured servitude after Bacon’s Rebellion
Less natives due to disease and war
Increase of Europe’s demand for goods
Why was the Pueblo Revolt a turning point?
Spaniards more accepting of Native culture, with more focus on assimilation rather than conquering
Anglicization
Adapting of English qualities/cultures
Seen by the colonists mimicking English trends
Mercantilism
Idea that profit can be increased through strict control of trade
Enlightenment
Intellectual movement during the 18th century in the American colonies, heavily influenced by European Enlightenment ideas, which emphasized reason, science, and individual rights
First Great Awakening
Religious revival that swept through the colonies during the mid-18th century, characterized by passionate preaching, increased church attendance, and a renewed focus on personal religious experience
Reasons for the growth of slavery
Racial superiority
Higher demand for cash crops
Increased labor demand for larger plantations
Examples of slave resistance
Passive (breaking tools, feigning illness, sabotage)
Active (Stono Rebellion, arson)
Chesapeake colony characteristics
Cash crops
Some families; mostly white male indentured servants
Low life expectancy
House of Burgesses
Governor appointed by England
Politics mostly by elite, wealthy planters
Religious freedom for Christains
New England colony characteristics
Family farms
Trade (merchants, shipbuilding, whaling, etc)
Politics: small town meetings
Families
Higher life expectancy
Not religious tolerant
Characteristics of both Chesapeake and New England
Agriculture
Voters had to be white, landowning men
Characteristics of southern colonies
Warm weather
Plantation agriculture
Farmers + planters
Characteristics of middle colonies
Urban cities
Class issues
Merchants, artisans, shopkeepers, unskilled laborers
Pennsylvania (Quaker safe haven)
Characteristics of North colonies (new England)
Coastal cities
Shipbuilding, trading
Cold and rocky (bad for agriculture)
Period 2 overview
1607-1754
Beginning of Jamestown—Beginning of French + Indian War
Colonization
First Great Awakening + Enlightenment
House of Burgesses
First democratically elected legislative body in the British colonies (Virginia)
Puritans
English Protestant
Wanted to reform the Church of England (Colonies as a light for the rest of the world)
Strict
Bacon’s Rebellion
Uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon of former servants who were upset that the governor would not send troops to intervene in conflicts with Natives and the lack of representation in the House of Burgesses
Pilgrims
English Protestant
Wanted to create a separate church from the Church of England
