periodic table and atoms

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest component of an element, made up of subatomic particles and the basic building blocks of all matter.

Question 2

Define an element.

Answer 2

A group of the same type of atoms.

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Two or more different atoms chemically combined.

Question 4

What is a mixture?

Answer 4

Different compounds or elements put together without chemically combining.

Question 5

What does atomic number represent?

Answer 5

The number of protons contained in the nucleus of the atom. just the number on the periodic table.

Question 6

Define mass number

Answer 6

The number of nucleons in the nucleus of an atom. number of protons + neutrons.

Question 7

What is atomic mass?

Answer 7

The weighted mean of the different isotopes relative to their abundance, measured in atomic mass units.

Question 8

What are subatomic particles?

Answer 8

The small particles that make up an atom.

Question 9

Define nucleus.

Answer 9

The centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Question 10

What is a proton?

Answer 10

The positive subatomic particle contained inside the nucleus of an atom. number of protons is the same as atomic number.

Question 11

What is a neutron?

Answer 11

The neutral subatomic particle contained inside the nucleus of an atom. number of neutrons is mass number take atomic number.

Question 12

What is an electron?

Answer 12

The negative subatomic particle found in the shells of an atom, circling the nucleus. same number as atomic number and protons.
for an electronic configuration a positive ion (cation), electrons are lost and a negative ion (anion), electrons are gained. around the nucleus

Question 13

What are shells in an atom?

Answer 13

The energy levels where electrons sit orbiting the nucleus.

Question 14

Define valence electrons.

Answer 14

Electrons that sit in the outermost shell.

Question 15

What are nucleons?

Answer 15

The protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 16

What does it mean if an atom is neutral?

Answer 16

The number of protons and electrons is equal in an atom.

Question 17

Define an isotope.

Answer 17

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
- have a different mass number

Question 18

What is an ion?

Answer 18

The number of protons and electrons is not equal and a charge is created.

Question 19

What is charge in terms of subatomic particles?

Answer 19

The sum of the number of positive and negative subatomic particles.

Question 20

What is a lattice?

Answer 20

• one metal
• 3D

Question 21

Define a cation.

Answer 21

An ion with a positive charge, occur when an atoms loses one or more electrons (mostly metals)

Question 22

Define an anion.

Answer 22

An ion with a negative charge. when an atom gains one or more electrons (mostly non-metals)

Question 23

What is the Periodic Table?

Answer 23

An arrangement of atoms in increasing atomic number, showing trends in the elements.

Question 24

Where are metals located on the Periodic Table?

Answer 24

On the left hand and middle of the Periodic Table.

Question 25

What are non-metals?

Answer 25

Elements on the right-hand side of the Periodic Table.

Question 26

What are metalloids?

Answer 26

Elements between the metals and non-metals on the Periodic Table, exhibiting characteristics of both.

Question 27

What are groups in the Periodic Table?

Answer 27

The vertical groupings of elements 1 to 18, exhibiting similar chemical properties. measures the number of valence electrons, how many electrons in the outermost shell.

Question 28

Define periods in the Periodic Table.

Answer 28

The horizontal groupings of elements indicating the number of shells that an element contains. number of shells an element has.

Question 29

What are noble gases?

Answer 29

Elements in Group 18 with full outer shell electronic configurations and are non-reactive.

Question 30

What are halogens?

Answer 30

Elements in Group 17 that are highly reactive.

Question 31

What are alkali metals?

Answer 31

Elements in Group 1 that are highly reactive.

Question 32

List properties of metals.

Answer 32

* Lustrous (shiny) * Hard * High density * High tensile strength * High melting and boiling points * Good conductors of heat and electricity found on the left side of the periodic table, other then hydrogen, metals are all above aluminum to the left

Question 33

List properties of non-metals.

Answer 33

* Poor thermal conductors * Poor electrical conductors * Brittle solids * Dull, not metallic-shiny right side of the periodic table and hydrogen

Question 34

How do metals form cations?

Answer 34

By giving their valence electrons away.

Question 35

list the properties of metalloids

Answer 35

- 7 metalloids - in the middle of the periodic table - properties of both metals and non metals

Question 36

How do non-metals form anions?

Answer 36

By accepting electrons.

Question 37

What charge do Group 1 atoms form?

Answer 37

+1

Question 38

What charge do Group 2 atoms form?

Answer 38

+2

Question 39

What charge do Group 13 atoms form?

Answer 39

+3

Question 40

What charge do Group 15 atoms have when forming an anion?

Answer 40

-3

Question 41

What charge do Group 16 atoms have when forming an anion?

Answer 41

-2

Question 42

What charge do Group 17 atoms have when forming an anion?

Answer 42

-1

Question 43

How is a cation named?

Answer 43

The cation keeps its name.

Question 44

How is an anion named?

Answer 44

The start of the atom’s name and the ending is changed to 'ide'.

Question 45

What is the naming convention for polyatomic anions?

Answer 45

The start of the atom’s name with 'ate' or 'ite' if oxygen is present.

Question 46

What is the formula for Carbon Dioxide?

Answer 46

CO2

Question 47

What is the formula for Water?

Answer 47

H2O

Question 48

What is the formula for Oxygen gas?

Answer 48

O2

Question 49

What is the formula for Nitrogen gas?

Answer 49

N2

Question 50

What is the formula for Chlorine gas?

Answer 50

Cl2

Question 51

What is the formula for Methane gas?

Answer 51

CH4

Question 52

What does the chemical formula refer to?

Answer 52

The number of atoms per molecule of that substance.

Question 53

How do you write ionic formulae when charges are the same?

Answer 53

Place the ions together.

Question 54

What do you do if the charges are different in ionic formulae?

Answer 54

Swap the charges to the opposite ion and add them together.

Question 55

What is the 2,8,8,2 rule for electron shells?

Answer 55

The number of electrons in each shell of an atom.

Question 56

How many electrons can shell 3 hold?

Answer 56

8

Question 57

What is the maximum number of electrons in shell 1?

Answer 57

2

Question 58

What is the maximum number of electrons in shell 2?

Answer 58

8

Question 59

What is the maximum number of electrons in shell 4?

Answer 59

2

Question 60

FLAME TEST

Answer 60

different elements show different colours when exposed to the flame, (thanks legs 11)

Question 61

brittle

Answer 61

caan break easily

Question 62

malleable

Answer 62

can bend easily without breaking

Question 63

ductile

Answer 63

can be made into thin wires

Question 63

metallic luster

Answer 63

shiny and reflective appearance

Question 64

conductivity

Answer 64

ability to transfer heat or electricity

Question 65

difference between an atom and an ion

Answer 65

atom - electrically neutral - same number of protons and electrons - number of protons defines it's elements ion - electrically charged - different number of protons and electrons - may contain one or more atoms

Question 65

when naming metal ions (cations)

Answer 65

have the same name as the metal atom listed on the periodic table - sodium ion

Question 66

when naming non metal ions (anions)

Answer 66

remove the ending of the elements name and add 'ide' - chloride

Question 67

element in the same group on the periodic table

Answer 67

react in similar ways

Question 68

in an atomic structure (thats neutral atom) what has to be even what does not?

Answer 68

protons and electrons must be even neutrons dont have to be even

Question 69

all atoms apart from......., react in order to fill their outer shells, by doing this they become stable

Answer 69

noble gases (group 18)

Question 70

when forming ions write the....before the .........................................

Answer 70

number before the sign e.g c2+