Periodontal Health- Gingival Disease/Conditions Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
In looking at the gingiva, its either:
A
in health or disease
2
Q
Periodontal Health- What is the importance?
A
to find the common reference point for assessing disease and determining the meaningful treatment outcomes
3
Q
The portion of the gingival surrounding the neck of the tooth:
A
marginal/free gingiva
4
Q
Describe the attachment of marginal/free gingiva:
A
not directly attached to the tooth
5
Q
Marginal/free gingiva forms the:
A
soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus
6
Q
Marginal/free gingiva extends from the:
A
gingival margin to the gingival (marginal) groove
7
Q
The space bounded by the tooth and the free gingiva:
A
Gingival sulcus
8
Q
The gingival sulcus has ___ at its base
A
junctional epithelium
9
Q
The gingival sulcus is comprised of _____ epithelium
A
non-keratinized
10
Q
No _____ are present within the gingival sulcus
A
rete pegs
11
Q
The gingival sulcus is considered a ____ membrane
A
semi-permeable
12
Q
Portion of the gingival that extends apically from the area of the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction:
A
attached gingiva
13
Q
The attached gingiva is normally covered by:
A
keratinized epithelium with rete ridges
14
Q
There is no ____ present within the attached gingiva
A
submucosa
15
Q
The attached gingiva is bound to the:
A
underlying tooth and bone
16
Q
Portion of the gingiva that extends between the teeth:
A
interdental gingiva
17
Q
Includes the Col area which is composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the interproximal space
A
Interdental gingiva
18
Q
Describe the gingival col
A
area composed of non-stratified squamous epithelium in the interproximal space
19
Q
What is the cellular makeup of the gingival col?
A
non-stratified squamous epithelium
20
Q
The gingival col is found in what area of gingiva?
A
interdental gingiva
21
Q
Microscopic features of the anatomy of the periodontal includes: (3)
A
- oral epithelium
- sucular epithelium
- junctional epithelium
22
Q
The oral epithelium is comprised of:
A
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
23
Q
Describe the turnover rate of the oral epithelium:
A
turnover rate of 30 days
24
Q
The sulcular epithelium is comprised of:
A
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
25
Rete pegs are present in the sulcular epithelium. The sulcular epithelium is considered a semi-permeable membrane.
first statement false; second statement true
26
The junctional epithelium is comprised of:
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
27
The junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth with:
hemidesmosomes
28
The junctional epithelium can be infiltrated by:
PMNs
29
Describe the rate of turnover for the junctional epithelium:
high rate of turnover (7-10 days)
30
- keratinized epithelium
- rete pegs present
- resistance to forces from mastication
Oral epithelium
31
- non-keratinized epithelium
- no rete pegs present
- semi-permeable membrane
sulcular epithelium
32
- non-keratinized epithelium
- hemi-desmosomal and non-collagenous proteins attachment
- attachment on the tooth is normally at or near the CEJ
- can be infiltrated by PMNs
Junctional epithelium
33
- diffuse amorphous ground substance
- collagen fibers
- blood vessels in the papillary projections of the connective tissue
gingival connective tissue
34
_____ form the connective tissue attachment of the junctional epithelium
densely packed collagen fibers
35
The stability of this attachment is a key factor in the limitation of the migration of the junctional epithelium:
Connective tissue attachment
36
The stability of the connective tissue attachment is a key factor in the limitation of:
migration of the junctional epithelium
37
The term "biologic width" has been replaced with:
supracrestal tissue attachment
38
Supracrestal tissue attachment (biologic width) is made up of:
Junctional epithelium (0.97mm) + connective tissue attachment (1.07mm) = 2.04 mm
39
When plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to:
invasion by bacteria and their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium
40
If plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to invasion by bacteria and their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium. Therefore:
inflammation can initiate and cause the clinical signs of gingivitis, which can progress to periodontitis if left untreated
41
Features of gingiva (to be noted): (7)
1. color
2. contour
3. consistency
4. shape
5. size
6. surface texture
7. position
42
The color of the attached and marginal gingiva displays a range from:
brown to orange to pink
43
The color of the attached and marginal gingiva is dependent upon:
1. vascular supply
2. thickness
3. degree of keratinization of epithelium
4. pigment-containing cells
44
The color of the attached and marginal gingiva varies among different ___ and correlated with ____.
persons; cutaneous (skin) pigmentation
45
In the following images, the marginal and attached gingiva are _____ and the alveolar mucosa is ______.
coral pink; red/smooth/shiny
46
The contour of the gingiva should be:
scalloped and collar-like
47
In regards to the contour of the gingiva, the gingival level is higher:
interproximally
48
What is indicated by the arrows in the following image? What type of gingiva comprises this area?
interdental papilla (formed by attached gingiva)
49
The shape of the interdental gingiva is governed by the:
contour of the proximal tooth surfaces and location and shape of the gingival embrasures
50
The size of the gingiva should correspond with the sum total of the:
bulk of cellular and intercellular elements & vascular supply
51
Healthy gingival consistency should be described as:
firm and resilient
52
What contributes to the firmness of the gingival margin?
gingival fibers
53
In regard to surface texture, the attached gingiva is ____; the marginal gingiva is ____
stippled; not
54
Stippling varies with ___.
age
- absent during infancy, it appears in some children at the age of 5, and increases in adulthood, and frequently begins to disappear during old age
55
Stippling is less prominent on the ____ than the ____ surfaces and may be absent in some persons.
lingual; facial
56
Microscopically, stippling is produced by:
alternate rounded protuberances and depressions in the gingival surface
57
Describes the level to which the gingival margin is attached to the tooth:
position
58
The absence of clinically detectable inflammation within the gingiva:
gingival health
59
Microbial determinants of gingival health: (2)
1. supragingival plaque
2. subgingival plaque
60
Host determinants of gingival health: (2)
1. Local predisposing factors
2. Systemic modifying factors
61
List some LOCAL predisposing factors that contribute to gingival health: (4)
1. periodontal pockets
2. restorations
3. root anatomy
4. tooth position & crowding
62
List some SYSTEMIC modifying factors that contribute to gingival health: (3)
1. host immune function
2. systemic health
3. genetics
63
Environmental Determinants of gingival health: (4)
1. smoking
2. medication
3. stress
4. nutrition
64
What might be some ways to determine gingival health?
1. bleeding upon probing
2. periodontal probing
3. radiographic features
4. tooth mobility
65
T/F: Periodontal probing is inadequate for diagnosis when used alone
True
66
T/F: Ideally, the lamina dura is 4mm from the most coronal part of the alveolar crest to CEJ
False- 2 mm
67
T/F: Tooth mobility is recommended as a singular means of diagnosis
false
68
T/F: Gingival health can be attained following treatment of gingivitis
True
69
The treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health still remains at an increased risk for:
recurrent periodontitis
70
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- total absence of clinical inflammation and physiological immune surveillance with no attachment or bone loss
Pristine Periodontal Health
71
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation with no attachment or bone loss
Clinical Periodontal Health
72
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium
Periodontal Disease Stability
73
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium with previous inflammation and disease
Periodontal Disease Remission/ Control
74
What are the 2 main categories of gingivitis:
1. dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
2. non-dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
75
_____ is the MOST common form of periodontal disease
Gingivitis
76
Signs and symptoms a patient with gingivitis may experience include: (4)
1. bleeding when brushing
2. blood in saliva
3. gingival swelling and redness
4. halitosis
77
For a patient with gingivitis, what are some of the clinical findings at the dental exam? (2)
1. bleeding upon gentle probing
2. change in gingival clinical features such as color, contour, shape, size, consistency, surface texture, and/or position
78
One of the early clinical signs of a patient with gingivitis, prior to color change or other visual signs of inflammation:
Bleeding on probing
79
_______ is an excellent negative predictor of future attachment loss
Absence of BOP
80
____ masks BOP by suppressing the inflammatory response
smoking
81
Smoking masks BOP by suppressing:
the inflammatory response
82
Color is an important clinical sign of gingival disease and can present in the following locations/ ways: (4)
1. marginal
2. patch-like
3. generalized
4. localized
83
What colors are associated with gingivitis? (4)
1. pale
2. red
3. bluish-red
4. whitish gray
84
The changes in consistency of the gingiva with gingivitis are resulting from:
predominance of destructive and reparative processes
85
List some of the CHRONIC forms of consistency associated with gingivitis: (3)
1. soggy puffiness
2. softness & friability
3. firm & leathery
86
List some of the ACUTE forms of consistency associated with gingivitis: (3)
1. sloughing with grayish, desquamative debris
2. vesicle formation
87
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