Periodontology

Question 1

***What kind of tissue is gingiva

Answer 1

keratinized

Question 2

what is inflammation of the tissue

Answer 2

gingivitis

Question 3

***What kind of gingivitis is MOST gingivitis

Answer 3

chronic-plaque-associated gingivitis

Question 4

What are the 5 ardinal signs of acute inflammation

Answer 4

Redness (erythema)
Pain (dolar)
Heat (calor)
Swelling (tumor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)

Question 5

What are the descriptions of gingivitis

Answer 5

Extent
Distribution
Color
Contour
Testure

Question 6

what gingival condition has a “life saver” appearance

Answer 6

festooned

Question 7

What is edema

Answer 7

glossy surface due to fluid infiltration (hallmark sign of acute inflammation)

Question 8

What is Fibrosis

Answer 8

Surface tissue is highly stippled due to increase in cellular and fibrous components, may present with pallor (hallmark sign of chronic inflammation)

Question 9

What is the MOST obvious result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation

Answer 9

EDEMA (accumulation and retention of plaque causing swelling)

Question 10

What are the main functions of the PDL (5 points)

Answer 10

attach teeth to bone
resists impact of occlusal forces
shock absorber for nerves/vessels
supplies nutrients to periodontal structures
transmits touch, pain and pressure sensation

Question 11

***What are Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 11

collagenous fiber bundles that attach cementum and bone

Question 12

***What are the largest and most significant fiber group that extends from cementum CORONALLY to bone

Answer 12

Oblique fibers

Question 13

***What do oblique fibers do

Answer 13

withstands masticatory stress in a vertical direction

Question 14

***Where are intrradicular fibers found

Answer 14

ONLY in mult-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in areas of furcation

Question 15

What is cementum

Answer 15

the calcified or mineralized tissue layer covering the root of the tooth

Question 16

Where is cementum the thicketst

Answer 16

at the apex of the root and between the roots of multi rooted teeth

Question 17

where is cementum the thinnest

Answer 17

at the CEJ

Question 18

What is the difference between cementum and bone

Answer 18

there is no blood or blood supply in cementum

Question 19

what is the main function of cementum

Answer 19

to provide attachment to the collagen fibers present in the PDL

Question 20

What is a suprabony defect

Answer 20

base of pocket is coronal to the alveolar bone; a pocket without bone loss but enlarged tissues

Question 21

What is an Intrabony defect

Answer 21

the base of the pocket is apical to crest of the alveolar bone; bone loss

Question 22

What do pregnancy-associated gingivitis and pyogenic granulomas result from (3 points)

Answer 22

progesterone (hormone that causes vascular inflammation)
Prevotella intermedia
Camphylobacter rectus

Question 23

Is vitamin C and protein essential to the periodontium?s

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

what is idiopathic

Answer 24

no treatment for- the etiology is not well understood

Question 25

What is a recurrent apthus stomatitis

Answer 25

common, erythematous halo, yellow or grey floor, does NOT appear infections, contagious or sexually transmitted and is uncommon on keratinized mucosa

Question 26

What is the downward or apical migration of the junctional epithelium

Answer 26

bone loss

Question 27

what is the loss of connective tissue attachment

Answer 27

bone loss

Question 28

What is slight periodontal involvement

Answer 28

1-2 mm of CAL

Question 29

what is moderate periodontal involvement

Answer 29

3-4 mm CAL

Question 30

what is severe periodontal involvement

Answer 30

>5 mm CAL

Question 31

what is localized perio involvement

Answer 31

<30% of sites are involved

Question 32

what is generalized perio involvement

Answer 32

>30% of sites are involved

Question 33

What kind of periodontitis is generally genetic

Answer 33

aggressive periodontitis

Question 34

***What is the most common site effected by aggressive periodontitis

Answer 34

the maxillary first molar

Question 35

***What are the most common pathogens involved in aggressive periodontitis

Answer 35

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 36

***What is neutropenia

Answer 36

a deficiency of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear cells

Question 37

What is the first cell to arrive at the site of inflammation

Answer 37

neutrophils (polymorphonucleocyte or PMN)

Question 38

What are the most common neutrophil defects or disorders

Answer 38

cyclic neutropenia and Chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 39

***Is there any evidence for an association between periodontal inflammation and multiple sclerosis

Answer 39

yes- periodontal therapy may positively impact MS

Question 40

what is the difference between NUP and NUG

Answer 40

patients with NUP demonstrate loss of clinical attachment and alveolar bone at affected sites

Question 41

what antibiotic is often warranted for necrotizing periodontal diseases (NUP, NUG)

Answer 41

tetracycline because it concentrates in the gingival crevicular fluid and has anti-collagenase properties

Question 42

what are common clinical findings of NUP/NUG

Answer 42

``` punched out papilla psuedomembrane fetid odor pain severe inflammation ```

Question 43

what is a parulis

Answer 43

a gingival abscess or gum boil characteristically found at the opening of a fistula tract of a periapical infection