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Special Needs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ADPIED

A 
Assess
Dental Hygiene Diagnosis
Plan Care
Implement
Evaluate
Document
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2
Q

Assess…

A

from the waiting room to your chair..data collection

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3
Q

Dental hygiene Diagnosis…

A

Based on your findings.. identify the problems

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4
Q

Plan Care…

A

What do they need clinically, patient education… select interventions

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5
Q

Implement…

A

What procedures are needed?…activate the plan

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6
Q

Evaluate…

A

How did our plan of care work? Feedback on effectiveness

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7
Q

Document…

A

Comprehensive record keeping

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8
Q

Normal Vital signs

A

Resp: 12-20
Pulse: 60-100
BP: 120/80
Temp: 98.7

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9
Q

ASA 1

A

normal, healthy pt, no issue walking up stairs and no anxiety

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10
Q

ASA II

A

Mild systemic disease

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11
Q

ASA III

A

severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitting

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12
Q

ASA IV

A

a patient with incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

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13
Q

ASA V

A

patient is not expected to survive 24 hours with or without care

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14
Q

What kind of fluoride treatment is suggested for pregnant patient

A

Daily fluoride rinses NOT systemic supplements

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15
Q

If a pregnant patient is having hypotension, what do you do?

A

Turn them to the LEFT side, put a pillow under the right hip

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16
Q

What medications can help quit smoking?

A

Buproprion(zyban)

Chantix

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17
Q

What medication should you avoid when treating an alcoholic

A

Acetaminophen (to protect the liver)

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18
Q

What are common oral findings of a patient with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

U-shaped or cleft palate, gingivitis, abnormal tooth eruption pattern, tooth malformation

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19
Q

What is an identification of a heroine addict

A

pinpoint pupils (opioid)

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20
Q

What is used to treat withdrawl and dependence of heroine

A

Methadone

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21
Q

What is Narcan

A

An opiod antagonist, reverses effects

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22
Q

What is used to reverse the effects of heroine/any opiod

A

Narcan

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23
Q

What is an identification of a cocaine user

A

Dilated pupils (stimulant)

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24
Q

What should you avoid using if you notice a patient may use cocaine or some sort of stimulant?

A

Epinephrine

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25
What kind of drug is Methamphetimine
CNS stimulant
26
If a patient comes in and confesses to using meth what should you do?
Delay treatment for 24 hours after use | Do NOT use epinephrine
27
What is the most common medication used for asthma
albuterol
28
What are common side effects of albuterol
Xerostomia, Candida infections, Increased Caries
29
What to avoid with a patient with asthma?
``` Air Polisher Ultrasonic Aspirin NSAIDS Epinephrine ```
30
What is COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease... two or more disease processes (Bronchitis, Emphysema)
31
Signs/Symptoms of COPD
``` Dyspnea Wheezing CHRONIC cough Chest pain Increased respiration rate CHRONIC airway obstruction ```
32
Contraindications for patients with COPD
Air Polisher and Ultrasonic Rubber Dam use Avoid Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation
33
What is chronic bronchitis
inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes thick, heavy mucus and phlegm "smokers' cough" (more prevalent in women) "Blue Bloater" (severe dyspnea, coughing)
34
What is Emphysema
"Pink puffer" "Barrel chest" Overinflation of alveoli/air sacs CHRONIC productive coughing Seen in older men
35
What is Cystic Fibrosis
An exocrine gland disorder (genetic) | Glands over secrete- saliva, tears, sweat is thick & sticky
36
What is Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, **DO NOT TREAT THIS PATIENT IF IT IS ACTIVE**
37
How is Tuberculosis transmitted
by droplets, ingestion, coughing, sneezing contaminated dust
38
Contraindications for patients with Cardia Arrhythmias
NO EPIEPHRINE | avoid ultrasonic if pacemaker
39
What is Cardiac Arrythmias
irregular heartbeat leading to inadequate blood flow
40
What is congenital heart disease
anomalies of heart structure that was developed in utero | *consult physician, probaby premed
41
What is coronary heart disease
plaque builds up in the coronary arteries AKA Ischemic Heart Disease *premed
42
What are common signs/symptoms of congenital heart disease
Cyanosis | Clubbing of toes and fingers
43
What is Angina Pectoris
Transient and reversible oxygen deficiency-can be stable or untable
44
Signs/symptoms of angina pectoris
CRUSHING pain or pressure of chest Squeezing pain radiating to shoulders, arms or mandible Sweating, anxiety, pallor, difficulty breathing
45
Dental considerations for angina pectoris***
have nitroglycerin available on tray (relaxes vascular smooth muscles)
46
What is myocardial infarction
sudden reduction or arrest of blood flow to the heart
47
Signs/symptoms of myocardial infarction
**nausea, vomiting, palpitations and decreased blood pressure along with symptoms of angina
48
Dental considerations for myocardial infarction
Contraindicate treatment if has had a recent attack, wait 3-6 months
49
What is congestive heart failure
Heart is unable to pump adequately in delivering oxygen rich blood to the body
50
Dental considerations for congestive heart failure
patient may not be able to lay supine Use epinephrine with caution if client is on digitalis Pt generally exhibits shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen ankles
51
What is the silent killer
Hypertension
52
What is Prehypertension
120-129/<80
53
What is Stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
54
What is Stage 2 hypertension
140/90 or higher
55
What is a hypertensive emergency
180/120 or higher
56
What are signs/symptoms of hypertension
since it is the "silent killer" it is generally asymptomatic
57
What are contraindications for those with hypertension
Drugs with vasoconstrictors | Sodium in air polishing
58
Dental considerations for those with hypertension
monitor vital signs slowly raise hair **limit epinephrine **Nitrous oxide/oxygen recommended
59
What is Cerebrovascular Disease?
Stroke
60
What is a primary dental consideration for a pt with a stroke
do not treat for 6 months after the stroke
61
What ages does parkinson's disease usually develop
40-60 years, higher incidence in males
62
What is the most common drug prescribed for ADHD
ritalin
63
What is Bell's Palsy
unilateral weakness or paralysis of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) inability to control facial muscles
64
What depression meds may have an epinephrine interaction
Tricyclic Antidepressants
65
What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for an uncontrolled diabetic
.04mg
66
What is hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
67
What is the transmission route for type A and E hepatitis
Fecal-oral route (A has a vaccine E does not have a vaccine)
68
What is the transmission route for type B hepatitis
Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (can get a vaccine)
69
What is the transmission route for type C hepatitis
Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (NO VACCINE, usually asymptomatic)
70
What is the transmission route for type D hepatitis
Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (Hep V Vaccine..must have hep B to get hep D)
71
What is renal failure
Kidney has failed to perform adequately
72
When is the best time to schedule a patient with renal faiure
After dialysis
73
What is Addison's disease
insufficient steroid production by adrenal glands (ADDisons -> ADD-steroids)
74
what is treatment for hypothyroidism
synthroid-hormone replacement therapy
75
Possible effects of hyperthyroidism
tachycardia, protruded eyes, accelerated toot DO NOT USE EPINEPHRINE
76
what is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis-*age related*, progressive cartilage degeneration/loss of joint cushioning Rheumatoid: *Chronic autoimmune condition*
77
What is Raynaud's Phenomenon
Bluish discoloration of primarily the fingers and toes.. cold temperatures or stress (seen in systemic sclerosis--porcelain doll appearance)
78
What is Reyes Syndrome?
Neurological disorder affecting the liver and brain, associated with *aspirin* use in children
79
What is Myasthenia
Autoimmune-Neromuscular disorder characterized by extreme muscle weakness

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