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Flashcards in Peripheral nerves Deck (21)
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1
Q
Myotomes and nerves for the following actions:
Shoulder abduction
Elbow flex
Elbow ext
Wrist flex
Wrist ext
Finger flex 
Finger ext
Finger abduction
Finger adduction
A
Shoulder abduction - C5, axillary
Elbow flex - C5-6, musculocutaneous nerve
Elbow ext - C6-7, radial
Wrist flex - C7-8, Median
Wrist ext - C6-7, radial
Finger flex - C8, median
Finger ext - C8, radial
Finger abduction -T1, ulnar
Finger adduction - T1, ulnar
2
Q

Shoulder abduction weakness, which nerve affected?

A

Axillary

3
Q

Shoulder adduction and elbow flexion. Which nerve affected?

A

C5

4
Q

Elbow, wrist and finger extension weakness. Nerve?

A

Radial

5
Q

Finger abduction and adduction. Nerve?

A

Ulnar and T1

6
Q

Nerves supply for following reflexes:
Biceps
Supinator
Tricep

A

Biceps C5-6
Supinator C5-6
Tricep C7

7
Q

Brachial plexus. Nerve supply for superior, middle and inferior trunk?

A

superior - C5/6 + suprascapular nerve
middle - C7
inferior - C8-T1

8
Q

Brachial plexus lesions. What are the motor and sensory deficits for the following:
Complete
Upper trunk/Erb’s/C5-6
Lower trunk/Klumpe/C8-T1

A

Complete
Motor: LMN weakness affecting the whole limb
Sensory - sensory loss of the whole limb
Other: Horner’s

Upper trunk/Erb’s/C5-6
Motor: Loss of shoulder movement and elbow flexion (waiter’s tip position)
Sensory: Loss over lateral aspect of the arm and forearm

Lower trunk/Klumpe/C8-T1
Motor: True clawhand with paralysis of intrinsic muscles
Sensory: Loss along medial aspect if hand and forearm
Other: Horner’s
Cervical rib: same as lower trunk but changes in pulse as well

9
Q

Brachial Plexus cords. What are the 3 cords?

A

Medial cord
- Ulnar + Median hand (abductor Pollicis Brevis) + Medial Antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Posterior cord
- Radial + axillary
Lateral cord
- musculocutaenous + pronator teres + pectoralis Major

10
Q
Myotomes and nerves for following actions:
Hip flexion
Hip extension
Knee flex
Knee ext
Plantar flex
Dorsiflex
Ankle eversion
Ankle inversion
A
Hip flexion - L2-3, Femoral
Hip extension - L4-5, Inferior gluteal
Knee flex - L3-4, Sciatic
Knee ext - L5-S1, femoral
Dorsiflex - L4-5, peroneal
Plantar flex- S1-S2, Tibial
Ankle eversion - L4
Ankle inversion - L5, S1
11
Q
Sciatic nerve:
Nerves
Motor 
Sensory
Other functions
A

Nerves:
L4,5,S1,S2

Motor:
Knee flexion (hamstring wekaness)
Loss of power of all muscles below the knee causing foot drop
Unable to stand on heels or toes

Sensory:
Sensation below knee

Other functions:
Loss of ankle jerk and plantar response
Knee jerk intact

12
Q

Tibial nerve:
Motor
Sensory

A

Posterior aspect of sciatic
Posterior compartment of leg

Motor:
Plantar flexion and foot eversion

Sensory:
Majority of sole of foot

13
Q
Femoral nerve:
Nerves
Motor
Sensation
Other functions
A

Nerves
L2,3,4

Motor
Weakness of knee extension (quadriceps paralysis)
Slight hip flexion weakness
Preserved adductor strength

Sensation:
Loss of inner aspect of thigh

Other functions:
Loss of knee jerk

14
Q

Common Peroneal nerve:
Nerves
Motor
Sensation

A
L4, 5, S1
Motor:
Dorsiflexion (deep peroneal)
Eversion of foot (superficial perioneal)
leads to foot drop

Sensation:
Lateral aspect of leg and dorsum of foot - superficial peroneal
Minimal over dorsum of foot - deep peroneal

15
Q

Straighten the leg:
Hip flexion->knee extension->plantar flexion -> inversion
L2/3 -> L3/4 -> L4/5 -> L5/S1
Femoral -> femoral -> tibial -> tibial

A

Hip flexion->knee extension->plantar flexion -> inversion
L2/3 -> L3/4 -> L4/5 -> L5/S1
Femoral -> femoral -> tibial -> tibial

16
Q

Bend everything:
Hip extension -> knee flexion -> dorsiflexion -> eversion
L4/5 -> L5/S1 -> S1/2 -> L4
Inferior gluteal -> sciatic -> deep peroneal -> superficial peroneal

A

Bend everything:
Hip extension -> knee flexion -> dorsiflexion -> eversion
L4/5 -> L5/S1 -> S1/2 -> L4
Inferior gluteal -> sciatic -> deep peroneal -> superficial peroneal

17
Q

List the 3 areas of nerve lesions for a foot drop and distinguishing factors.

A

L4/5

  • eversion and inversion absent
  • ankle jerk present

Sciatic
- eversion, inversion and ankle jerk absent

Common peroneal

  • eversion absent
  • inversion and ankle jerk present
18
Q

NCS. Define:
Amplitude
Latency and conduction velocity

Corresponding pathology?

A

Amplitude: response of how many axons were excited e.g. more people screaming, louder the sound
Loss represents axonal loss

Latency and conduction velocity:
The time between the onset of stimulus and peak of recording
Decrease in latency of conduction velocity = demyelination
f-wave latency

19
Q

What are the benefits of EMG?

A
Determine if there is a:
myopathic picture
Active or chronic neurogenic process
Single nerve fibre: neuromuscular junction
Change can occur early
20
Q

Charcot Marie tooth is a Hereditary peripheral neuropathy.
Genetic defect
Types
Presentation

A

Group of hereditary genetic neuropathies in which the peripheral neuropathy is either the sole or major component of the clinical syndrome.
Point mutations or copy number variations in genes coding for proteins with strategic functions.
AD

2 major groups:
CMT1 - demyelinating
CMT2 - axonal

Classic presentation:
Gradual distant weakness and senosry loss appearing within the 1st 2 decades of life
reduced deep tendon reflexes
skeletal deformities of the foot - pes cavus and hammertoes
Fine moevments of the hands for activities such as turning ket or using buttons and zippers may be impiared
Hands rarely affected as the feet
Pt remain ambulatory

21
Q

Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP).
genetic defect
inheritance
presentation

A

Deletion of segment of chromosome 17p11.2 containing the PMP22 gene
AD

Presentation:
Transient and recurrent motor and sensory mononeurpaothies, typically occurring at entrapment sites such as carpel tunnel, ulnar groove and fibular head
Palsies may last for hours, days, weeks or occasionally longer.