Peritoneal and retroperitoneal organs

Question 1

What and where are the constriction of the oesophagus?

Answer 1

Question 2

Explain the venous supply to the oesophagus?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is chyme?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the different parts of the stomach?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the function of these folds?

Answer 6

Question 7

Is the spleen retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

What is the function of the spleen?

Where is it located?

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

The spleen is connected to the left kidney via the ________.

The spleen is connected to the _______ curvature of the stomach via the ___________.

Answer 9

Splenorenal ligament.

greater curvature, gastrosplenic ligament.

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

The ligament that separates the liver into the right and left lobe is called the ___________ ligament. This continues on to become the ___________.

The ligament above the liver is the _______ ligament. The thickening on either end are called the….

Answer 12

falciform ligament, round ligament.

Coronary, left and right triangular ligaments.

Question 13

What is the green area in the middle and its significance?

Answer 13

Bare area: the diaphragmatic surface of the liver without peritoneum.

Question 14

What is this structure and its importance?

Answer 14

Ligamentum venosum - ductus venosus reminant (a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver). This can enlarge again and cause caput madusae with portal hypertension.

Question 16

What are the anatomical lobes of the liver and their location?

Answer 16

Question 17

How many segments of the liver are there?

Answer 17

8 including the caudate lobe.

Question 18

How is the gall bladder segmented?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the cystohepatic traingle? What is the clinical significance?

Answer 20

Cystohepatic triangle is formed by the liver, common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. The cystic artery is within this. If they need the gall bladder removed then they need to clamp this artery to minimise blood loss.

Question 21

What are the different segments of the pancreas?

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 21

Uncinate process, head, body and tail.

It is all retroperitoneal apart from the tail.

Question 22

What are the different sections of the duodenum?

Answer 22

Superior, descending, inferior and ascending.

Question 23

What structure delineates the foregut from the midgut?

Answer 23

The major duodenal papilla (where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain).

Question 24

What are these structures and what drains from each of them?

Answer 24

Question 25

Explain the arterial supply to the pancreas

Answer 25

Coeliac trunk with a splenic artery, this has a branch going to the pancreas called the greater pancreatic artery. And another part called the dorsal pancreatic artery. There is the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the inferior PDA, they split behind and infront of the head of pancreas.

Question 26

The small intestine is \_/\_ ileum and \_/\_ ileum. How do you tell the ileum and jejunum apart on the surface and on the inside.

Answer 26

2/5 ileum and 3/5 jejunum. In the ileum there are shorter vasa recta and more connecting vessels (arterial archids). On the inside the jejunum has a wider diameter, thicker wall, more intestinal folds (like the stomach rugae) and less Peyer's patches (lymphoid nodules).

Question 27

What are the external features of the large intestine?

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Is the cecum intra or retroperitoneal? What is the name of the structure which connects the cecum to the ileum? What is the name of the structure where the apendicular vessels run in?

Answer 29

Intraperitoneal. Ileocecal fold. Mesoappendix (fold of peritoneum).

Question 30

What is another name for the left and right colic flexure? What are the names of peritoneal recessed lateral to the left and right colon?

Answer 30

Right = Hepatic flexure. Left = Splenic flexure. Paracollic gutters.

Question 31

The transverse colon is covered by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, it is connected to the diaphragm by the ______________ ligament.

Answer 31

transverse mesocolon, phrenocolic ligament.

Question 32

Is the sigmoid colon intra or retro peritoneal? What is the shape of the sigmoid colon? WHat is it suspended in?

Answer 32

Question 33

What are the different components of the urinary system?

Answer 33

Question 34

Which kidney sits lower and why? What protects the kidneys?

Answer 34

Right sits lower than the left bc of the liver. Perinephric fat and 11th and 12th ribs.

Question 35

What is the difference in peri and para nephric fat?

Answer 35

Question 36

What are these structures overlying the kidneys?

Answer 36

Question 37

Posterior aspect, what are the overlying structures of the kidney?

Answer 37

Question 38

The kidney is split into two, the outer ______ and the inner \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

cortex, medulla.

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

What is the urine flow direction in the kidney?

Answer 40

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis and ureter.

Question 41

Arterial and venous supply of the suprarenal glands.

Answer 41

Arterial: Inferior phrenic has a branch which goes to suprarenal gland called superior suprarenal artery. There is a middle one straight from AA. The inferior comes from renal artery. Venous: The venous supply there is only the right and left supra renal vein. The right one goes directly to IVC, the left one goes into the renal vein.

Question 42

Explain the arterial supply to the kidney and ureters.

Answer 42

Ureters have arterial supply: 3 of them. Renal artery has a branch going to the ureter. Gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian artery depending on sex) has a branch which goes to the middle part of ureter. Internal illiac artery has a branch.

Question 43

Where are the constrictions of the ureters?

Answer 43

Ureteropelvic junction, when crossing common iliac and at the bladder entrance