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Normal Animal 2 > Peritoneum Anatomy > Flashcards

Peritoneum Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 serous membranes in the body

A

peritoneum
pericardium
pleura

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2
Q

Where is the peritoneum (and whats a fun fact about it)

A

serous membrane lining the abdominal, cranial pelvic, and scrotal cavities (and organs within)

its the largest and longest membrane in the body

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3
Q

four Functions of the peritoneum

A

friction reduction
Free movement as in mesentery
Fixation as by the ligaments
Fat storage as in omentum

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4
Q

What is included in the retroperitoneal

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, aorta, lumbar lymph nodes

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5
Q

What do the ectoderm, mesoderm, coelom, and endoderm become in the gut?

A

Ecto: body wall
Meso: peritoneum (parietal and visceral)
Coelom: peritoneal cavity
Endoderm: gut tube

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6
Q

Clinical significance of retroperitoneal

A

trauma to kidneys would cause blood/urine to accumulate in retroperitoneal space

these fluids can’t be diagnosed by palpation or abdominocentesis - this can result in delay in diagnosing and cause significant kidney damage

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7
Q

Abdominal cavity vs peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal: entire space within abdomen- includes organs, nerves, peritoneum, mesenteries

Peritoneal: between visceral and parietal peritoneum - contains only a lil serous fluid

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8
Q

When is peritonitis more common?

A

in females due to openings (2) near oviducts

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9
Q

Clinical significance of fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

If no serous fluid or peritonitis or rough handling → adhesions →
impair movement of abdominal organs →
impair function

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10
Q

potential spaces under normal vs pathological conditions

A

normal= barely none just to separate
pathological= separate and create a space filled with fluid

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11
Q

What connects the peritoneum

A

dorsal and ventral mesentery

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12
Q

What are the mesenteries

A

A type of Connecting Peritoneum … wide, double layered

• Connects: Intestinal & Reproductive tracts with the abdominal wall (think mesoduodenum, mesorectum, mesovarian, meso… etc.)

• Contain blood vessels, lymphatics & nerves

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13
Q

Umbilical herniation and the length of the mesenteries?

A

herniation-> rotation-> retraction of gut tube

Gut tube growth exceeds that of the body cavity→
• Herniation through the incomplete wall → Two rotations of gut loops.
• body cavity enlarges → return of gut.

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14
Q

Crowding of the viscera

A

(parts retracted early are crowded by those coming in later.)

fixed > mobile viscera

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15
Q

Fixed viscera

A

Early viscera are packed tightly against body wall by the portions of the gut that enter later, so their mesenteries are partially fuse with dorsal body wall.

• So these mesenteries are short and called fixed viscera (Stomach & duodenum cranially, Ileum, cecum and all three parts of the colon (caudally))

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16
Q

Mobile Viscera

A

The regions of the gut that are retracted late, mainly the jejunum, are not crowded and retain their longer mesenteries

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17
Q

length of mesentery determines…

A

ease of access in surgery

jejunum = easy access, stomach = large incision

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18
Q

what develops in the ventral vs dorsal mesentery

A

dorsal = spleen
ventral = liver

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19
Q

What mesentery surrounds the liver (in the ventral mesentery)

A

lesser omentum (dorsal)
peritoneal ligaments of the liver (falciform, coronary, and triangular ligg.)

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20
Q

Describe the root of mesentary

A

L2- dorsal body wall - attaches mesojejunum and mesoileum

Thick: contains cranial mesenteric artery, intestinal lymphatics, autonomic n. plexus

21
Q

is the mesentery long or short in the ruminant?

A

short

22
Q

Where is the omentum?

A

passes from stomach to other organs or to the abdominal wall

lesser and greater omentum

23
Q

connections of the lesser omentum

A

liver to lesser curvature of the stomach

covers papillary process on caudate liver lobe

24
Q

greater omentum attachments

A

none on caudal border- lift that shit out
remnant of dorsal mesogastrium - enlarges and folds in on itself

2 sheets - superficial and deep (each sheet has 2 layers)

25
Q

What is the omental bursa

A

subdivision of the peritoneal cavity enclosed by the greater and lesser omentum

  • It is a potential space and is collapsed in life
26
Q

what are the MANY clinical significances of epiploic (omental) foramen? (4)

A

site of intestinal herniation or entrapment of colon and subsequent colic in HORSES

easiest way to locate the portal vein in surgery

bleeding from liver/cystic artery can be controlled by placing finger over epiploic foramen to occlude hepatic a. and portal vein.

if loop of intestines passed through foramen and strangulated- cannot be cut, bowl must be decompressed by a needle to pull out

27
Q

What is the epiploic foramen? and what are its boundaries?

A

aka omental foramen

short passage between the omental bursa and the main peritoneal cavity

• Found at the BASE of the CAUDATE LOBE of the liver in all domestic animals.

dorsal- caudal vena cava
ventral: portal vein
caudal: hepatic artery in mesoduodenum

28
Q

How do find epiploic foramen

A

right side of liver- lift caudate lobe
locate caudal vena cava and portal vein
put a figer between 2 veins to reach into omental bursa

29
Q

Greater omentum species difference

A

carnivores and ruminants: very developed
equine: poorly developed

30
Q

in carnivores a ventral surgical incision into the greater omentum reveals…

A

liver, spleen, bladder

peritoneum should not be sutured separated when closing abdominal incision and should be includes in other sutured layers = less trauma= better closure

31
Q

clinical importance of the greater omentum

A
  • very mobile and vascular
  • policeman of the abdomen - limits infection
  • can be removed without impairing health
    -will not regenerate if removed
32
Q

the ______ carried the umbilical arteries and vein in the fetus

A

ventral peritoneal folds

33
Q

The falciform ligament

A

umbilicus & passes to the liver.

• attached to the LINEA ALBA
• In fetus, carried the umbilical vein

  • can complicate closure of abdominal incision in cranial part

Note: The falciform ligament is thus the mesentery of the left umbilical vein.

34
Q

adipose tissue from the falciform ligament contains…

A

a high concentration of adult stem cells

In cats the ligament is less fatty

35
Q

What are the remnants of the ventral mesentery

A

falciform ligament, median and lateral ligaments of urinary bladder

36
Q

Median ligament of the urinary bladder

A

contains urachus in the fetus

attaches bladder to ventral abdomen

37
Q

lateral ligament of the urinary bladder

A

attaches lateral bladder to lateral abdominal walls

in fetus, carries umbilical arteries (turns into round ligaments of bladder in adult)

38
Q

the umbilical arteries turn into…

A

round ligaments of bladder R/L

39
Q

3 mesenteries and ligaments of the urinary bladder

A

median ligament
lateral ligaments (r/L)

40
Q

What is a ligament

A

Ligament is a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages (e.g., collateral lig. of the stifle)

• Ligament is a cordlike remnants of fetal tubular structures that are non-functional after birth (e.g.,
ligamentum arteriosum, round lig. of liver, round ligaments of urinary bladder)

  • fixes organs via channels or vessels
41
Q

connecting peritoneum - ligaments

A

a type of connecting peritoneum - narrow, double layered

passes from a wall to organ, (or organ to organ)

fix organs as a channel or vessels and nerves

42
Q

connecting peritoneum - what is a fold

A

little to no blood vessels

between 2 visceral organs

43
Q

innervation of parietal peritoneum

A

somatic nerve

(sensory innervation = segmental spinal nerves)

very sensitive to irritation and will cause local pain

44
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

45
Q

innervation of visceral peritoneum

A

autonomic nerves

sensitive to stretching

46
Q

4 peritoneal pelvic reflections (pouches)

A
  1. pararectal fossa
  2. genitorectal pouch
  3. vesicogenital pouch
  4. pubovesical pouch
47
Q

What is the vaginal process (or vaginal tunic in males)?

A

A blind ended portion of peritoneum protrudes through the inguinal canal and sits subcutaneously.

• The vag. canal & cavity are continuous with the peritoneal cavity

• The vag. cavity contains nothing except small amount of serous fluid for testicular mobility.

48
Q

What species is the vaginal process in?

A

bitches only

not in cat

49
Q

what does the vaginal process surround in female vs male?

A

bitch: round ligament of uterus
male: spermatic cord

Normal Animal 2 (15 decks)

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