Personality

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

Characteristic that make a person unique

Question 2

What is the structure of personality?

Answer 2

Psychological core
Typical Response
Role-related behavior

Question 3

What is psychological core?

Answer 3

The most basic and deepest attitude, value, motive, interest and self-worth. “real person” (stable)

Question 4

What is the typical response?

Answer 4

The way one typically responds to the environment (dynamic)

Question 5

What is role-related behavior?

Answer 5

How one acts in a particular social environment (fake you)

Question 6

What is the psycho-dynamic approach?

Answer 6

Behavior is determined by several unconscious constantly changing factors that often conflict with one another.
Emphasis on understanding the person as a whole rather than a trait

Question 7

What is research support psycho-dynamics?

Answer 7

Little influence
Focuses on internal determinants of behavior
Has increases awareness of unconscious determinants

Question 8

What is the trait approach?

Answer 8

Behavior is determines by relatively stable traits that are fundamental units of personality
Predisposition to act a certain way regardless of the situation

Question 9

What is the Big 5 Model of Personality Components?

Answer 9

Neuroticism
Extroversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness

Question 10

What is research support for trait approach?

Answer 10

Little influence
Knowing traits will not always help predict behavior
Emphasis on importance of traits

Question 11

What is perfectionism?

Answer 11

Widely studied
Multidimensional -> high standards, concern over mistakes, highly organized
Both positive (adaptive -goal oriented) and negative (maladaptive - concern can lead to poor performance/ burnout)

Question 12

What is situational approach?

Answer 12

determined by situations/environment
situation=more important than traits
Not widely embraced by sport psychologists

Question 13

What is research support for situational approach?

Answer 13

Little influence
Situations don’t always influence behavior
Emphasis on situation

Question 14

What is the interactionalist approach?

Answer 14

Behavior is determined by both person and situation and interactions
Favoured approach

Question 15

What is the research approach for interactionalist approach?

Answer 15

Considerable influence (adopted by most)
no weakness
Emphasis on both trait and situation and their interactions

Question 16

What is the phenomenological approach?

Answer 16

Behavior is determined by situation and personal characteristics
Person’s understanding and interpretations of ones self and environment

Question 17

What is research support for phenomenological approach?

Answer 17

Considerable influence
No weaknesses
Emphasis on interpretations while considering trait and situational variables and their interactions

Question 18

What is a trait vs state?

Answer 18

Trait - typical style of behavior

State - situational effect on behavior. “right now” feeling that can change from moment to moment

Question 19

How to measure personality

Answer 19

General vs Specific
Situational specific trait tests better predict behavior
Compare personal personality tests
Projective tests are interesting but difficult to score

Question 20

What are some findings of personality research?

Answer 20

• More complex relationship between traits and states and sport performance
• Few differences in male vs female
• Successful athletes have more positive mental health
• Predictions have not been made and should not be used for team selection
• Increased fitness = increased self-esteem

Question 21

What are cognitive strategies?

Answer 21

• Skills and behaviors used in competition (self talk)
• Not personality traits
• Reflect the behavior aspect of personality and interact with characteristics
• Overachieving athletes are: more coach-able, concentrated, better at coping, better cognitive strategy
• Related to superior performance
• Mental prep is critical to success

Question 22

What arr the guidelines for practice?

Answer 22

• Enhance confidence and practice specific plans
• Practice routines to deal with unusual circumstances
• Mental rehearsal
• Focus on what is controllable
• Develop detailed plans
• Regulate arousal and anxiety