Anger and Aggression Flashcards
What is aggression?
Any form of behavior directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment
What are assertive behaviors?
Playing within the rules with high intensity and emotion but without any intention of inflicting physical or psychological harm on an opponent
What is Gill’s definition of Aggression?
1) Behavior
- overt action (physical or verbal)
2) Involve intent
- purpose is to do physical/psychological harm
3) Involves harm of injury
- must result in injury
4) Directed toward a living organism
- not inanimate objects
What is hostile aggression?
Primary goal is to inflict physical or psychological harm on someone, simply for the sake of hurting someone
What is instrumental aggression?
Primary goals is non-aggressive rather than simply inflict physical or psychological harm
What is violence?
The physical component of aggression
Harm-inducing behavior bearing no direct relationship to the competitive goals of sport and relates, therefore, to incidents of uncontrolled aggression outside the rules of sports, rather than highly competitive behavior within the rules boundaries
What is sanctioned behaviors?
Certain behaviors that are allowable within sports
Any injuries from sanctioned behaviors are not prosecuted, assuming aggressive act was within acceptable format of the game.
Aggression can be a central motivator for certain participants…personality types
What are the five theories of aggression?
Instinct theory Social learning theory Moral reasoning theory Frustration-aggression hypothesis General aggression model
What is the instinct theory (catharsis theory)?
Innate instinct to be aggressive
Aggressive feelings build up until expressed
Instinct expressed directly or displaced through catharsis
Sport provides a legitimate social outlet for the expression/release of built up aggression
What is social learning theory?
Aggression is behavior that people learn through observing others who model particular behavior
Reinforcement of exhibiting similar actions
Depends on the social status of the persons actions being copied
Emphasizes the important role of significant others in influencing aggression
What is moral reasoning theory?
Related to ethical view point or moral development
Depends on your ability to reason around moral/ ethical principles implied in the act
Bracketed morality
What is bracketed morality?
Levels of morality are often suspended in sport settings. Willingness to engage in aggressive behavior is related to levels of moral reasoning
What is frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Something called Drive theory
Aggression-frustration that occurs because of goal blockage/failure
Frustration-aggression (fuels anger) - aggressive act
ISSUE: not all frustration–> aggression
Not all aggression acts are preceded by frustration
What are frustration factors?
Rivalry
Annoyance
Achievement Motivation Orientation (Ego orientation)
Role
What is the revised frustration-aggression theory?
Frustration- leads to anger, increased arousal
Anger increases likelihood of aggression
Aggression only follows when environmental cues are right
Interactionist model- characteristics of person and the situation
