PERSONALITY

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

• a complex, integral part of human individuality

- the sum total of an individuals chracteristics

Question 2

What is a disposition?

Answer 2

• broad, pervasive, encompassing ways of relating to particular types of people or situations
• relatively stable

Question 3

What is a trait?

Answer 3

• stable characteristic or quality that are a portion of one’s personality
• a quality used to explain an individual’s behaviour across time and situations

Question 4

What is a psychological state?

Answer 4

• momentary feelings and thoughts that change depending on the situation and time
• temporary/changing

Question 5

What is a psychological core?

Answer 5

• most basic level

- includes your attitude, values, interests, motives, and beliefs about yourself and self worth

Question 6

What is a typical response?

Answer 6

• ways we learn to adjust to the environment or how we respond to the world around us
• these are good indicators of your core.

Question 7

What is role related behaviour?

Answer 7

• how you act based on what you perceive your social situation to be.
• most changeable in your personality because your behaviour changes as your perceptions of the environment changes.
• different situations require different roles.

Question 8

What is openness to experiences?

Answer 8

• trait including level of curiosity

- the opposite of being close minded

Question 9

What is conscientiousness?

Answer 9

• trait comprising striving for achievement and self-discipline

Question 10

What is extraversion?

Answer 10

• trait involving level of assertiveness and energetic approach to the world

Question 11

What is agreeableness?

Answer 11

• trait involving general compliance and positive approach towards others

Question 12

What is neuroticism?

Answer 12

• emotional stability

- degree to which a person experiences the world as distressing, threatening, or unsafe

Question 13

What is humanistic psychology?

Answer 13

• focuses on personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity

Question 14

What is self actualization?

Answer 14

• an individuals attempt to be the best he or she can be or a desire to fulfill one’s potential

Question 15

What is mallows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 15

TOP: - self-actualization
- esteem needs
- social needs
- safety needs
BOTTOM: - physiological needs 
- invision in pyramid structure

Question 16

What is the cognitive behavioural approach?

Answer 16

• behaviour is learned through experience.
• influenced by rewards and punishment.
• factors influencing peoples behaviours

Question 17

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 17

• the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome
• influences an individuals behaviour

Question 18

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 18

• observational learning (observing, retaining, and replicating others behaviours)
• how situations and individuals reciprocally influence each other
• believes people actively shape their behaviour

Question 19

What is the interactionist approach?

Answer 19

• personal/situational factors impact behaviour predictively
• situational interplay between person and environment determines athlete’s behaviours
• individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation.

Question 20

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 20

• the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome
• influences an individuals behaviour

Question 21

What is the interactionist approach?

Answer 21

• personal/situational factors impact behaviour predictively
• situational interplay between person and environment determines athlete’s behaviours
• individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation

Question 22

What are some ethical considerations and principles regarding personality measurement?

Answer 22

• shapes professional judgment and behaviour (confidentiality, integrity, and protection)
• inform athletes of psychological testing, use of results and who has access
• administered by qualified individuals

Question 23

What is risk taking?

Answer 23

• involves narrowing physical and psychological safety margins

Question 24

What is sensation (stimulus) seeking?

Answer 24

• seeks varied, novel, complex and intense sensations and experiences, and willing to take physical, social, legal and financial risks to obtain experiences
• declines with age.
• males more drawn to high-risk sports than females

Question 25

What is competitiveness?

Answer 25

- desire to engage in and strive for success

Question 26

What does the sport orientation questionnaire measure?

Answer 26

- competitiveness - win orientation - goal orientation

Question 27

What is perfectionism?

Answer 27

- multidimensional personality disposition or trait that influences thought, emotion, and behaviour

Question 28

What is personality characterized by?

Answer 28

- high performance standards | - overly critical self-evaluation

Question 29

What are the dimensions of perfectionism?

Answer 29

- personal standards perfectionism | -

Question 30

What are the dimensions of perfectionism?

Answer 30

- personal standards perfectionism | - evaluation concerns perfectionism

Question 31

What is evaluation concerns perfectionism?

Answer 31

- negative social evaluation - excessive self criticism - associated with poor outcomes and maladjustment

Question 32

Describe pure personal standards performance.

Answer 32

- low ECP and high PSP | - think very highly of self

Question 33

Describe mixed perfectionism.

Answer 33

- high ECP and high PSP | - criticism to achieve

Question 34

Describe pure evaluative concerns perfectionism.

Answer 34

- high ECP | - think poorly of self

Question 35

Describe non-perfectionism.

Answer 35

- low ECP and low PSP - associated with poor outcomes and maladjustment. - don't care, no standards for self

Question 36

What is harmonious passion?

Answer 36

- individual engages as part of identity & personal enjoyment. - related to high performance

Question 37

What is obsessive passion?

Answer 37

- rigid & uncontrolled urges to engage & avoid guilt | - related to high performance

Question 38

What is mental toughness?

Answer 38

- personal characteristics that allow individuals to cope with stress and anxiety while remaining focused on competition demands - requires continued practice of psychological skills

Question 39

What is the 4C model?

Answer 39

- challenge* to overcome situations - control* over experiences - confidence* to overcome experiences - commitment* to achieving goals

Question 40

What are the three categories of mental toughness?

Answer 40

- strong confidence and motivation - managing competition and training stress - maintaining and regaining focus when distracted

Question 41

Is there a correlation between personality traits and physical?

Answer 41

- personality has minor exercise association

Question 42

How does conscientiousness affect exercise?

Answer 42

- conscientiousness may affect successful translation of good exercise intentions into behaviour - more-conscientious individuals show greater intent to exercise - high conscientious individuals are organized and self-disciplined.

Question 43

What is type A behaviour?

Answer 43

- high extraversion - high neuroticism - high conscientiousness - low agreeableness - positive association between type a behaviour and exercise

Question 44

Why is research being done on target exercise programs based on personality?

Answer 44

- may identify at-risk personalities - people who may struggle adhering to new exercise programs - relationship between preferences for exercise & personality is interesting, but limited research