STRESS AND COPING Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
What is a stress response?
A
- consists of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioural reactions.
2
Q
What is stress?
A
- experience that occurs when a situation is perceived as exceeding a person’s resources.
3
Q
What is a stressor?
A
- events, forces, or situations interpreted as stressful.
4
Q
What is cognitive appraisal?
A
- situational interpretation
- primary appraisal: Evaluation of what is at stake.
- secondary appraisal: Evaluation of what can be done.
5
Q
What are the three general stress types?
A
- harm/loss
- threat
- challenge
6
Q
Stress types: harm/loss
A
- appraisal of psychological damage and irrevocable loss as occurred
7
Q
Stress types: threat
A
- anticipating harm that may or is likely to occur.
8
Q
Stress types: challenge
A
- benefits of succeeding in difficulty.
9
Q
What are the four general types of stressors?
A
- acute
- chronic
- expected
- unexpected
10
Q
What is chronic stress?
A
- occurs over long time periods.
11
Q
What is acute stress?
A
- occurs over short time periods
12
Q
What is an expected stressor?
A
- can plan or prepare for
13
Q
What is an unexpected stressor?
A
- not anticipated
14
Q
What is a competitive stressor?
A
- experiences prior to, during, or after competition
15
Q
What is a non-competitive stressor?
A
- sport-related but not directly part of competition
16
Q
What are organizational stressors?
A
- environmental demands associated primarily and directly with the organization within which an individual is operating
17
Q
What are some neurophysiological effects of stress?
A
- respiration rate, heart rate, cardiovascular activity, body temperature and skin conductance
- stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine are released in the body
18
Q
What is coping?
A
- cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external/internal demands that tax or exceed a person’s resources
19
Q
What are management skills?
A
- routine behaviours that prevent stress from happening.
20
Q
What are micro-analytic coping strategies?
A
- specific coping strategies
- Provides rich description of coping techniques.
- coping techniques differ across sports & situations.
- provides no information on why strategy is used.
21
Q
What are macro-level coping strategies?
A
- considers strategy’s goals of athletes & exercisers.
22
Q
What is “choking”?
A
- an acute, significant decrement in performance that occurs in situations of high pressure or anxiety
23
Q
What is problem focused coping?
A
- efforts to change situation
24
Q
What is emotional-focused coping?
A
- changing how situation is attended to or interpreted.
25
What is avoidance coping?
- removing oneself from stressful situations.
26
What are the three coping dimensions of the integrative approach?
- task-oriented coping
- disengagement-oriented coping
- distraction oriented coping
27
What is task-oriented coping?
- deals directly with stress source and resulting thoughts and emotions.
28
What is disengagement-oriented coping?
- strategies to disengage from the process.
29
What is distraction oriented coping?
- strategies to focus on internal and external stimuli that are unrelated
30
What is emotional regulation?
- process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions
31
What are the five emotional regulation strategies?
1. Situation Selection
2. Situation Modification
3. Attentional Deployment
4. Cognitive Change
5. Response Modulation
32
What is good new coping?
- organized, flexible and constructive
33
What is bad news coping?
- rigid, disorganized, and destructive responses.
34
What does it mean to "burnout"?
- physical exhaustion, devaluation of one’s sport, reduced sense of accomplishment, poor performance
35
What are some factors that influence coping?
- gender
- culture
- individual factors
- social-environmental factors
36
What is the role constraint theory?
- differences result from varying societal roles of men and women.
37
What is the gender socialization theory?
- different coping strategies for managing same types of situations.
38
What is the dispositional hypothesis?
- gender present even when males and females have same stressor and similar cognitive appraisals.
39
How can culture influence coping?
- using prayer or meditation
40
What are some individual factors that can influence coping?
- age, development, expertise
- personality
- cognitive appraisals of emotion
41
What are some social environmental factors that can influence coping?
- interactions influence emotions, regulation and coping.
| - coaches emotions can also directly affect athletes’ emotion before and during competition.
42
What is stress reduction?
- stress management interventions can effectively reduce participant’s stress.
43
What is self-compassion?
- desire to be moved by one’s own suffering, and a desire to alleviate that suffering
- comprised of self-kindness, common humanity & mindfulness.
44
What are some concerns when implementing intervention programs?
- some pursue goals in very rigid and inflexible ways
