Personality Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
maladaptive symptoms
- variations with domains of traits, emotions, cognitions, motives, self-concept
- variations on common motives like power and intimacy
- cognitive processes
- levels in experienced emotion
- distortion of self-concept
disorder
- pattern of B/experience that is distressing and painful to the person
- leads to impairment in important life domains
- associated with increased risk for further suffering, loss of function, death or confinement
abnormal
- statistical
- social
- psychological
- behavioural
pattern of behaviour
- is rigid and displayed across a variety of situation
- distress in key areas of life such as work and relationships
- long history in a person’s life (often back to childhood/adolescence)
- must not be attributable to drug abuse, medication or other medical condition
- all PDs involve impaired social relations
T or F: context affects diagnoses
true
- age
- culture
- gender
clusters
A
- paranoid
- schizotypical
- schizoid
B
- borderline
- anti-social
- histrionic
- narcissistic
C
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
cluster A: eccentric, odd
make people:
- ill at ease
- appear or act in highly abnormal ways
- mostly focused on interactions with others
exhibit similar traits to schizophrenia, BUT subclinical
schizoid PD
characteristics
1. appears inept or socially clumsy
2. detached from normal social relationships
3. indifferent in social relations
4. obtains little pleasure out of life
5. passive in the face of unpleasant events
self-concept
- self as loner, without ambition
schizotypal PD
characteristics
1. eccentric B and appearance
2. eccentric thinking
3. ideas of reference
4. odd beliefs or magical thinking
5. odd speech
6. similar interpersonal difficulties of schizoid personality but more anxious
7. suspiciousness, paranoid ideation
self-concept
- self as different from others
paranoid PD
characteristics
1. argumentative and hostile
2. distrustful of others
3. harbours resentment towards others
4. misinterprets social events as threatening
5. prone to pathological jealousy
self-concept
- as a victim
cluster B: erratic, unstable
persons appear erractic, emotional and have difficulties getting along with others
anti-social PD
characteristics
1. conduct disorder before 15y
- truancy, running away, theft, arson
2. pattern of anti-social B continues in adulthood
- break laws
- irresponsible and antisocial B
- physically aggressive
- reckless, impulsive
- work only inconsistently
self concept
- self as unfettered by rules
psychopathy
key characteristic: poverty of positive and negative emotions
1. lack of anxiety
2. lack of empathy
3. lack of remorse
4. manipulates others for personal gain
5. no sense of shame
6. BIS? (behavioral inhibition system)
borderline PD
characteristics
1. fears of abandonment
2. impairments in emotional perception making them prone to self harm
3. instability of relationships, emotions, self-image
4. strong emotions
5. splitting
6. trouble regulating emotion
- Linehan’s diathesis-stress theory of BPD
self-concept
- self as vague, diffuse, changing, unstable with no strong feeling of identity
diagram on BPD
refer to notebook
histrionic PD
characteristics
1. excessive attention seeking
2. excessive and strong emotions
3. opinions/discussions are shallow
4. suggestible
5. strong need for attention
6. sexually provocative
self-concept
- self as desirable and charming
narcissistic PD
characteristics
1. envious of others
2. feelings of superiority
3. lack of insight into others’ feelings and needs
4. need to be admired
5. sense of entitlement
6. strong sense of self-importance
7. self-esteem appears strong but is fragile (narcissistic paradox)
self-concept
- self as unique, admirable, special
cluster C: anxious
- geared towards avoiding anxiety
- neurotic paradox: one pattern of B solves a problem but creates another
avoidant PD
characteristics
1. feelings of inadequacy
2. sensitive to criticisms
3. restricts activities to avoid embarrassments
4. low self esteem
self-concept
- self as inadequate
dependent PD
characteristics
1. excessive need to be takem care of
2. does not work well independently
3. may tolerate abuse from others to obtain support
4. rarely takes initiative, rarely disagrees with others
5. seeks reassurance from others
6. submissive
self-concept
- self as needy, lacking self direction
OCPD
characteristics
1. preoccupied with order
2. strives for perfection
- often dissatisfied
3. devoted to work, seeks little leisure time or friendship
4. rigid, inflexible, stubborn
self-concept
- self as rigid, with high standards and expectations
dimensional models
categorical approach
- do the trait fit the criteria YES vs NO
dimensional
- spectrum approach
- influence of multiple factors
1. antagonism
2. detachment
3. disinhibition
4. negative affect
5. psychoticism
