Personality Disorders Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is meant by personality?
predictable patterns of
- thinking
- feeling
- behaving
When did the theory of personality “traits” come about?
1920s-1930s
What is the 5 Factor model?
5 big personality traits: Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What does the ICD-10 define as a Personality Disorder?
- Individuals characteristics and behaviour deviate markedly from expected
- Manifests in >1 of cognition, affect, impulses, interpersonal functioning
- Behaviour is inflexible, maladaptive, dysfunctional
- Causes patient distress
- Stable and long duration
- onset in late childhood/adolescence
What four categories can a personality disorder manifest in?
Cognition
Affect
Impulses
Interpersonal functioning
What makes a characteristic more likely to be a personality disorder rather than a trait?
- Pervasive (not just related to specific situations)
- Causes distress and/or
- Causes impairment of functioning in most areas
Clinical assessment of personality disorders usually takes longer than one appointment. TRUE/FALSE?
TRUE
- Rating scales usually have many questions and take a bit of time to complete
Give examples of screening questionnaires used to assess personality disorders in clinic?
Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD)
- carried out by clinician, qs based on DSM-IV
International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE)
- Quick screening method, self administered
What is meant by heritability?
Proportion of the condition that is due to genetics
e.g. heritability of 0.6 = 60% genetic, and 40% environmental
What Clusters of personality disorders have a higher heritability?
Cluster B - Dramatic and Emotional = higher genetic heritability
Cluster C - all higher except Avoidant
What cluster of personality disorders have lower heritability?
Cluster A - Odd and Eccentric (paranoid, schizoid)
Avoidant (Cluster C) also has low heritability
What proportion of people in the general population have a personality ‘disorder’?
10.6%
Personality disorders are more common in the population than many physical conditions such as IBD, epilepsy, and diabetes. TRUE/FALSE?
TRUE
A high prevalence of personality disorders are unspecified. TRUE/FALSE?
TRUE
Compare the prevalence of Personality Disorders in the general population to that in psychiatric outpatients and inpatients.
General population - 10.6%
Psychiatric Outpatients - 31%
Psychiatric Inpatients - 54%
Describe the Clusters of Personality disorders described in the ICD-10
Cluster A - Odd and Eccentric
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
Cluster B - Dramatic and Emotional
- Dissocial (previously antisocial)
- Emotionally Unstable (Impulsive/ Borderline)
- Histrionic
Cluster C - Anxious and Dependent
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Anankastic
What two types of personality disorders are not included in the ICD-10 criteria?
Narcissistic
schizotypal
What are the ICD-10 criteria for Paranoid personality disorder and how many criteria are required for a diagnosis?
4 or more of the following:
- Sensitive to setbacks
- Hold grudges
- Suspicious
- misconstrue neutral/friendly actions as hostile
- suspicions of sexual infidelity in partner
- excessive self-importance
- Preoccupation with “conspiracies” of the world
What are the ICD-10 criteria for Schizoid personality disorder and how many criteria are required for a diagnosis?
4 or more of the following:
- Few activities provide pleasure
- Cold/ flattened affect
- cant express warm feelings towards others
- difficulty accepting praise/criticism
- Little interest in sexual experiences with others
- Chooses solitary activities
- Preoccupation with fantasy
- No close friends
- Insensitive to social norms/conventions
What are the ICD-10 criteria for Schizotypal personality disorder and how many are required for this diagnosis?
5 or more of:
- Ideas of reference
- Odd beliefs/magical thinking (e.g. belief in clairvoyance/ telepathy)
- Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
- Odd thinking and speech
- Suspicious/paranoid
- Inappropriate/ constricted affect
- Behaviour is odd/eccentric/peculiar
- Lack of close friends
- Social anxiety doesn’t diminish with familiarity
What are the ICD-10 criteria for Dissocial personality disorder and how many are required for this diagnosis?
3 or more of:
Callous unconcern for feelings of others
Irresponsible & disregard for social norms/rules/ obligations
Incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, though no difficulty to establishing them
Very low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for aggression/violence
Incapacity to experience guilt, or to profit from adverse experience, particularly punishment
Marked proneness to blame others
What is the difference between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?
Antisocial = based on behaviour psychopathy = set of ‘deficits’ in emotional and cognitive functioning
What are the 4 facets of psychopathy disorders?
Facet 1 - Interpersonal
- superficial charm
- grandiose self-worth
Facet 2 - Affective
- lack of remorse/guilt
- shallow affect
Facet 3 - Lifestyle
- Prone to boredom
- Impulsive/ Irresponsible
Facet 4 - Antisocial
- poor behavioural
- especially in childhood
What are the criteria of the ICD-10 for Impulsive Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder?
3 of:
- act unexpectedly, without considering consequences
- Quarrelsome behaviour/conflicts with others
- outbursts of anger or violence
- Difficulty maintaining course of action offering no reward
- Unstable mood
