perspectives Flashcards
(27 cards)
what are the behaviourist assumptions?
-psych is scientific
-environment determines our behaviour as we are born tabula rasa and learn behaviour through conditioning
-only measure observable behaviour not internal like emotions
-they believe they can alter behaviour through a series of stimuli and rewards
what is the background for the behaviourist perspective?
watson: humans tabula rasa, took radical behaviourist approach
behaviour that are rewarded will become more common and understanding the external stimuli and the response is crucial
-black box analogy
what are the three ways behaviourists think we learn?
-classical conditioning (pairs)
-operant conditioning
-SLT
what studies relate to the behaviourist perspective?
-bandura (slt)
-chaney (operant)
-watson and rayner (classical)
what did pavlov and skinner found?
classical and operant conditioning
what are the strengths of the behaviourist perspective?
scientific- cause and effect which makes findings more convincing and useful
-highlights issues of environment- watershed
-replicable
what are the weaknesses of the behaviourist perspective?
unethical
little albert never reconditioned so left with fear
-reductionist- ignored biology
-lacks ecological validity due to lab setting
-limited generalisability
what other perspective is similar to behaviourist?
social area
both assume external influences are the primary cause of our behaviour
what perspective is different to behaviourist?
biological area
suggests all behaviour has an internal biological cause
what are the assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective?
-strongly influenced by the structure and drives of our unconscious mind, conflict with tripartite personality
-our development is effected by early relationships (childhood trauma)
-important info about the unconscious can be found in how we express ourselves outwardly
what studies relate to the psychodynamic perspective?
hancock
freud
kohlberg
what are Freuds theories?
-iceberg analogy
-tripartite personality
-psychosexual development
strengths of psychodynamic perspective
practical applications
overcome phobias, mental health
weakness of psychodynamic perspective
lacks population validity
ungenrelisable
freud- case study
how is the psychodynamic perspective similar to cognitive?
focus on internal processes of the mind
cog- behaviour explained by faults in processing memories L+P
psych- role of unconscious mind and ability to drive behaviour through unconscious desires
why are the behaviourist and psychodynamic perspectives different?
-B= objective and scientific (bandura controlled lab experiments)
-P= lacks objective evidence (freud subjective)
features showing psychology is scientific
-objective
-falsifiable
-cause and effect
-quantitative
-lab
-reliable/standardised
features showing psychology isn’t scientific
-subjective
-not falsifiable
-no cause and effect
-qualitative
-self report/ field
-reliability
strengths of psych as a science
reliable
valid- cause and effect
lacks experimenter bias
compare conditions
weakness of psych as a science
lacks ecological validity
limited usefulness
quantitative data
reductionist
features showing research is socially sensitive
-stigma
-controversial
-able to shape laws
-risks harm
strengths of socially sensitive research
-shines light on areas neglected my mainstream research
-not all is negative most can be useful
weakness of socially sensitive research
-unethical
-marginalise minority groups and label
-used to minimalise the choices made my individuals in the past
what is negative reinforcement?
removing something unpleasent to increase desired behaviour
-taking an umbrella when it is raining
