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Pesticides Flashcards

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1
Q

pesticides

A

chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.

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2
Q

chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.

A

pesticides

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3
Q

herbicides

A

chemicals for killing weeds

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4
Q

chemicals for killing weeds

A

herbicides

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5
Q

Insecticide

A

chemicals for killing bugs

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6
Q

Chemicals for killing bugs

A

insecticide

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7
Q

fungicide

A

chemicals for kiling fungi

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8
Q

chemicals for killing fungi

A

fungicide

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9
Q

Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)

A

A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds

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10
Q

A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds

A

Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)

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11
Q

DDT Structure

A

did you get it?

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12
Q

DDE

A

the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells

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13
Q

the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells

A

DDE

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14
Q

DDE structure

A

did you get it?

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15
Q

Lindane

A

Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide

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16
Q

Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide

A

lindane

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17
Q

Lindane Structure

A

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18
Q

Other important Organochlorines

A

Heptachlor, aldrin, dialdrin, chlordane, endosulfan

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19
Q

heptachlor structure

A

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20
Q

Aldrin structure

A

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21
Q

dialdrin structure

A

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22
Q

chlordane structure

A

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23
Q

Endosulfan Structure

A

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24
Q

effects of organochlorines

A

neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death

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25
neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death
effects of organochlorines
26
Organochlorines
chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans
27
chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans
Organochlorines
28
Organophosphates
insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll
29
insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll
Organophosphates
30
Important organophosphates
Parathion, Dichlorvos, malathion, dimethylate
31
structure of Parathion,
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32
structure of Dichlorvos,
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33
structure of malathion,
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34
structure of dimethylate
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35
Carbamates
insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don't last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.
36
insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don't last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.
Carbamates
37
Carbamate structure
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38
Pyrethrins
Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.
39
Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.
Pyrethrins
40
Pyrethrenoids
synthetic pyrethrins that don't break down as quickly
41
synthetic pyrethrins that don't break down as quickly
Pyrethrenoids
42
Type A organophosphates
active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)
43
active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)
Type A organophosphates
44
Type B organophosphates
Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)
45
Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)
Type B organophosphates
46
Type C organophosphates
active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)
47
active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)
Type C organophosphates
48
triezenes
six membered rings with 3 integrated nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides
49
six membered rings with 3 nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides
Triezenes
50
General Triezene structure
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51
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it's synthesis
52
2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it's synthesis
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
53
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
Former Popular herbicide for lawn care, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D
54
Former Popular herbicide for lawn cae, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
55
2,4-D structure
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56
2,4,5-T structure
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57
Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)
Ia- <5 Ib 5-50 II 50-500 III 500+
58
Ia- <5 Ib 5-50 II 50-500 III 500+
Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)
59
non persitant chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days
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have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days
non persitant chemicals
61
moderatly persistanc chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days
62
have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days
moderatly persistanc chemicals
63
very persistant chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.
64
have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.
very persistant chemicals
65
Hexachlorobenzene
a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.
66
a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.

Environmental Chemistry (31 decks)

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