Pesticides

Question 1

What is the Egyptian Book of the Dead?

Answer 1

early source of information about pest control techniques

Question 2

Ancient examples of pesticide usage (2)

Answer 2

Theophrastus- Di Plantis (mid-fifteenth century)

Virgil’s Georgics (70-19 BC)

Question 3

What is Robigalia? (2)

Answer 3

Festival honoring Robigus, numen of wheat rust

dogs were sacrificed

Question 4

Who wrote Geoponika, and what it is about?

Answer 4

Cassianus Bassus- 950 AD

pest control technique compilation from 200 BC to 200 AD

Question 5

What is described in Geoponika? (5)

Answer 5

botanical extracts

elemental sulfur

rubbing trees with lizard gall

nailing toads to barn doors

bare breasted virgins dancing around the garden hedge for caterpillars to fall

Question 6

How can silos kill pests?

Answer 6

grain in silos accumulate carbon dioxide

Question 7

What is companion planting?

Answer 7

intercropping certain plants to repel insects

ex- rhubarb and comfrey with fruit trees

Question 8

Examples of pesticides used (6)

Answer 8

tobacco- nicotine

pyrethrum- Persian power (1807 Armenia, 1885 US)

Copperas Crystaks

Permanganate

Daisy fly

DDT

Question 9

What is DDT, when was is synthesized, and by whom?

Answer 9

Chlorinated-hydrocarbon

1874

Zeidler

Question 10

Examples of Synthetic organic insecticides (3)

Answer 10

chlorinated hydrocarbons

carbamates

organophosphates

Question 11

What inorganic pesticides were synthesized in 1886?

Answer 11

Paris Green

Hydrocyanic acid

Question 12

What inorganic insecticide was synthesized in 1892?

Answer 12

lead arsenate

Question 13

What is the Morrill land Grant Act, and when was it created?

Answer 13

1862

land grant for agricultural and industrial colleges

Question 14

When was HCN first used ass a fumigant?

Answer 14

1886

Question 15

When was insect resistance to HCN discovered?

Answer 15

1908

Question 16

When was DDT insecticide properties first discovered?

Answer 16

1939

Question 17

When did DDT resistance in fruit flies first discovered?

Answer 17

1951

Question 18

When was Bacillus thuringiensis first used as an insecticide?

Answer 18

1960

Question 19

when was Silent Spring published>

Answer 19

1962

Question 20

When were pheromones registered for insect control?

Answer 20

1963

Question 21

When was the Environmental Protection Agency first created?

Answer 21

1970

Question 22

When was DDT banned?

Answer 22

1971

Question 23

When did transgenic crops come out?

Answer 23

1996

Question 24

What are 5 problems of synthetic organic insecticides?

Answer 24

biomagnification

secondary pests

resurgence

cross-resistance

multiple resistance

Question 25

Why does biomagnification affect insecticides?

Answer 25

accumulation up a food chain

Question 26

What is the issue with secondary pests?

Answer 26

pests are created because natural enemies are eliminated by pesticides

Question 27

What is resurgence?

Answer 27

increase in pest numbers after pesticide use

Question 28

What is cross-resistance?

Answer 28

resistance to chemical pesticide due to shared mechanisms

Question 29

What is multiple resistance

Answer 29

Ability to withstand different chemicals due to different resistance mechanisms

Question 30

What did DDt lead to? (2)

Answer 30

bioaccumulation decline in avian predators due to DDT interference

Question 31

How does DDT affect avian predators? (3)

Answer 31

interferes with calcium metabolism eggshell-thinning juvenile mortality

Question 32

Who is Rachel Carson, and what did she write?

Answer 32

US fish and wildlife service marine biologist wrote Silent Spring and the Sea Around Us

Question 33

What did the environmental movement argue? (2)

Answer 33

environment, cancer, and pesticide fusion remain today carcinogenic potential is the prime risk of pesticide use

Question 34

What did the pesticide usage lead to?

Answer 34

Environmental movement

Question 35

What did the National Cancer Institute argue about pesticides? (2)

Answer 35

exposure to hazards are unlikely to affect cancer rates no one dies of cancer caused by pesticides

Question 36

What carcinogens are currently regulated?

Answer 36

synthetic

Question 37

Who is Robert Van Den Bosch, what did he write, and what did he come up with? (3)

Answer 37

against pesticide use Wrote the Pesticide Conspiracy came up with "pesticide treadmill" and "pesticide mafia"

Question 38

What is integrated pest management?

Answer 38

Selection, integration and implementation of pest control based on predicted ecological, economic and sociological consequences.

Question 39

four pesticide alternatives

Answer 39

biological control microbial insecticides like Bacillus thuringiensis pheremones cultural control

Question 40

What are least toxic pesticides, and what is it made of?

Answer 40

pesticides that have minimal nontarget effects chemicals of natural and synthetic origin

Question 41

Examples of insect growth regulators

Answer 41

pyriproxifen- growth regulator methoprene dyflybenzuron- chitin-synthesis inhibitor

Question 42

What do insect growth regulators do?

Answer 42

mimics insect hormones like juvenile hormones (metamorphosis)

Question 43

How can genetically engineered plants provide insecticidal effects?

Answer 43

transfer of insecticidal proteins from non-plant sources into crop plants

Question 44

What is a concern of transgenic corn pollen with Bt endotoxin?

Answer 44

it can negatively affect non-target lepidopterans

Question 45

three reasons of opposition of GMO plants

Answer 45

human health environmental impact globalization of trade and agriculture