Pg 21-

Question 1

What is hematological syndrome

Answer 1

200-1000 rads acute whole body

Question 2

What is gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 2

1000-5000 rads, probably die within 2 weeks

Question 3

Central nervous system syndrome is how many rads

Answer 3

5000+, less than a week to live

Question 4

Whats LD 50/60

Answer 4

Whoe body exposure that would kill 50% of people within 60 days, traditionally 50/30

Question 5

LD 50/30 means

Answer 5

“Lethal dose” 350 rads without medical intervietion 50/60. However the 50/30 for us is 300 rads.

Question 6

Who discovered X-ray for use in chiropractic

Answer 6

Wilhelm conrad roentgen in 1895, professor in germany

Question 7

What was the first X-ray image that roentgen made

Answer 7

His wife bertha’s hand

Question 8

X-ray was at first called in german

Answer 8

Roentgen ray, but then was changed to x ray

Question 9

When was X-ray introduced to palmer

Answer 9

1910 by BJ palmer

Question 10

All X-rays have

Answer 10

Ionizing capacity which causes biological changes

Question 11

X-rays ______ mattter and are ______

Answer 11

Penetrate, absorbed by dense material such as lead, cement, compact bone

Question 12

X-rays make ____ rays from objects they strike

Answer 12

Secondary

Question 13

Secondary rays have a ___________

Answer 13

Detrimental effect on film and patient

Question 14

X-rays travel in _______ lines from their source

Answer 14

Diverging

Question 15

Diverge is a big cause in

Answer 15

Image distortion

Question 16

X-rays cannot be

Answer 16

Focused
Reflected
Refracted

Question 17

Film turns _____ when exposed

Answer 17

Dark

Question 18

Can human senses detect an X-ray

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

What are the three things needed to give birth to an X-ray

Answer 19

1. Source of electrons
2. Way to accelerate them at a high speed
3. Hard surface to stop them

Question 20

What contains all three things needed to give birth to an X-ray

Answer 20

The tube

Question 21

The filter does what

Answer 21

Filters out the weaker photons that would get to the film anyways

Question 22

Whats a Collimator

Answer 22

Limits the size of the X-ray beam, aka a beaming light device

Question 23

After the X-rays travel through a patient they hit

Answer 23

The grid which helps absorb the secondary rays and make image clearer

Question 24

The cassette has

Answer 24

Screens which glow with light and are in contact with the film

Question 25

Where is an image recorded in an X-ray

Answer 25

Film

Question 26

What is contained in the tube housing

Answer 26

Lined with lead to prevent leakage,oil surrounds the tube acts as thermal insulator, window or port to allow intended X-rays to exit

Question 27

What holds the tube housing in position

Answer 27

Tube arm

Question 28

What holds the tube arm

Answer 28

Tube stand and is perpendicular to the arm, allows arm to. Move the tube vertically

Question 29

What allows tube to travel horizontally

Answer 29

Tube track

Question 30

What is a C arm

Answer 30

When tube and receptor oppose each other on a C shaped frame

Question 31

What part of the glass tube is thinner

Answer 31

The area for the window, easier to penetrate

Question 32

What is the useful beam

Answer 32

Rays exiting the window or port

Question 33

What is central ray (CR)

Answer 33

The center most ray, it is perpendicular to the patient, all other rays are diverging

Question 34

What is the cathode

Answer 34

The negative electrode, the electron producer

Question 35

What are the two functions of the cathode

Answer 35

Focuses electrons Produces electrons

Question 36

What are the two parts of a cathode

Answer 36

The filament and focusing cup

Question 37

What is a filament in a cathode

Answer 37

Small coil tungsten, withstands the heat created , a current is passed through it to heat it

Question 38

What passes current through the cathode filament

Answer 38

Milliamperage circuit

Question 39

What happens when the filament is heated

Answer 39

The electrons are "boiled off"

Question 40

What is thermionic emission

Answer 40

When electrons are burned off the filament in a cathode

Question 41

What is a dual focus tube

Answer 41

When a cathode has a large and small filament Small- clearer images Large- hands more heat less clear image

Question 42

What is the indentation that a filament sits in

Answer 42

Focusing cup, helps consolidate the electron cloud

Question 43

What does a anode do

Answer 43

Creates strong positive charge that pulls electrons across the tube, PRODUCES PHOTONS

Question 44

What are the 3 functions of the anode

Answer 44

1. Stops electrons thus produces X-rays, X-rays only 1% from process 2. dissipates heat, heat is 99% of the product 3. Conducts electricity

Question 45

A anode has how many parts

Answer 45

3 Target, stem, rotor, but not all have a rotor

Question 46

What is the target in the anode

Answer 46

Where the electrons are propelled too, made of tungsten bc of its high melting point

Question 47

What is the area where X-rays are emitted in the anode

Answer 47

The focal spot

Question 48

A dual focus anode tube has

Answer 48

A small focal spot and a large focal spot

Question 49

What are the two types of focal spots for a anode

Answer 49

Actual and effective focal spots Actual- where electrons are striking Effective- where photons exit

Question 50

Large focal spot in anode produces

Answer 50

More penumbra(unclear borders) Small- more umbra (clear borders)

Question 51

What does the stem in the anode do

Answer 51

Holds the target and conducts heat away from it Usually made of copper

Question 52

What are the two types anodes come in?

Answer 52

Stationary anode and rotating anode, both are beveled. Which is called the anode angle to help dissipate heat

Question 53

Stationary anodes are used only for

Answer 53

Small exposures ( dont use em) They have a greater angle than rotating anodes

Question 54

Whats rotor rotates the rotating anode and increase the surface area this is

Answer 54

The sound you hear before exposure

Question 55

What is the focal spot called for a rotating anode

Answer 55

Focal trac

Question 56

Larger angles=

Answer 56

Larger effective focal spots, image is less clear

Question 57

Smaller angles=

Answer 57

Smaller effective focal spots images are clearer

Question 58

Larger angle= less clear and Smaller angle= more clear This is known as

Answer 58

The line focus principle

Question 59

What is the anode heel effect

Answer 59

When the bottom bevel decreases beam intensity

Question 60

Some X-rays exit the heel of the anode from the imbedded target which

Answer 60

Reduces beam intensity,

Question 61

Anode or cathode should be toward thinner parts of glass tube

Answer 61

Anode thinner parts Therefore anode up and cathode down for full spine X-ray