Pg 6-15 Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

Consists of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body, delivering water, oxygen, and nutrients to cells, and removing waste products such as carbon dioxide.

Question 2

What are the main components of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 2

• Heart
• Blood vessels
  
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries

Question 3

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 3

Circulates blood, delivers nutrients and oxygen, removes waste products.

Question 4

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 4

Four chambers

Question 5

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 5

Atria

Question 6

What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 6

Ventricles

Question 7

What is the function of the right ventricle?

Answer 7

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 8

What is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 8

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 9

What divides the heart into two pumps?

Answer 9

Septum

Question 10

What type of blood does the left pump of the heart contain?

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood

Question 11

What type of blood does the right pump of the heart contain?

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood

Question 12

What is the role of the heart valves?

Answer 12

Allow blood to travel in only one direction, preventing backflow.

Question 13

What are the names of the two main heart valves?

Answer 13

• Bicuspid valve (left side)
• Tricuspid valve (right side)

Question 14

Where is the heart located?

Answer 14

Slightly to the left of the center of the chest, protected by the rib cage.

Question 15

What is the size of an adult heart approximately compared to?

Answer 15

The size of a large fist

Question 16

What is a heartbeat?

Answer 16

The sound heard when listening to the heart, indicating one contraction and relaxation.

Question 17

What is heart rate (HR) measured in?

Answer 17

Heart beats per minute

Question 18

What is systole?

Answer 18

The phase when the heart contracts and forces blood out.

Question 19

What is diastole?

Answer 19

The phase when the heart relaxes and fills with blood.

Question 20

What constitutes the cardiac cycle?

Answer 20

The movement of blood through the heart in one heartbeat, consisting of systole and diastole.

Question 21

What percentage of blood volume is made up of blood cells?

Answer 21

45 percent

Question 22

What percentage of blood volume is plasma?

Answer 22

55 percent

Question 23

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 23

• Transports oxygen and glucose
• Carries waste products like carbon dioxide and lactate
• Plays a role in thermoregulation

Question 24

How much blood does an individual have approximately?

Answer 24

4–5 litres

Question 25

What is the lifespan of red blood cells (RBC)?

Answer 25

Approx. 4 months

Question 26

How many white blood cells (WBC) are there per 700 red blood cells?

Answer 26

1 white cell

Question 27

What is the lifespan of white blood cells (WBC)?

Answer 27

A few days

Question 28

What does plasma provide to the cells?

Answer 28

* Proteins * Salts * Glucose * Fats * Antibodies * Some oxygen

Question 29

What is the role of blood vessels?

Answer 29

Transport network carrying nutrients and waste, controlling blood flow.

Question 30

What do arteries carry?

Answer 30

Oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

Question 31

What happens to artery walls during each heartbeat?

Answer 31

They expand to accommodate large volumes of blood.

Question 32

What are arterioles?

Answer 32

Small blood vessels that extend to the capillaries.

Question 33

What do coronary arteries supply?

Answer 33

Oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Question 34

What can blockage in the coronary arteries lead to?

Answer 34

A heart attack

Question 35

What are capillaries?

Answer 35

Tiny, thin blood vessels for gas exchange between cells and the cardiovascular system.

Question 36

What happens to capillaries during exercise?

Answer 36

Undergo vasodilation to allow increased blood flow.

Question 37

What do veins carry back to the heart?

Answer 37

Deoxygenated blood and waste products

Question 38

What aids the movement of blood in veins?

Answer 38

Contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 39

What is venous pooling?

Answer 39

Collection of blood in the leg veins when high intensity activity stops too suddenly.

Question 40

What can blood flow during exercise increase to?

Answer 40

From 5 litres per minute to 30 litres per minute

Question 41

What is important during the cool down after exercise?

Answer 41

Gradual return to resting blood flow levels to prevent blood pooling.