Pharm: 2nd half drugs Flashcards by Anna Chanslor

Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride produces _________.

What is a dosage form we would use

and what contraindications

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia

Cyclogyl

same as atropine (glaucoma & KCS)

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Atropine Sulfate is used to produce ________.

and is contraindicated

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia

glaucoma and KCS

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Miotics produce _______.

These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of chronic _______.

pupillary constriction

open-angle glaucoma

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Tropicamide is a __________.

what is its clinical use

rapid acting mydriatic with less clycloplegic effect

- used for ocular fundus exam

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Pilocarpine is a ________ that is commonly used to treat chronic______.

cholinergic

open-angle glaucoma

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Mannitol is an ____________ that is administered intravenously in emergency situations to _________.

osmotic diuretic

reduce intraocular pressure

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Topical anesthetics are use to ___________ and to allow the use of instruments to __________.

anesthetize the corneal surface

measure intraocular pressure

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Proparacaine Hydrochloride is a commonly used ________ that will last for ______ to ________.

topical anesthetic

5 to 10 mins

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What do we use to assist us in Corneal diagnostics

Flourescein Dye

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What do we use to test tear production

Schirmer’s tear test

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Cyclosporine is used for the management of _______ and _________.

KCS and chronic superficial keratitis

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Enroflaxacin is an otic product available in a combination with _______ or _________.

Baytril Otic

BNT

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Gentamicin Sulfate is a _____ agent found in ______ preparations.

Clinical uses include the treatment of _______ in dogs.

what are some dosage forms we might use

antibacterial, otic

otitis

Otomax (BID) and Mometamax (SID)

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What are the 4 classes of drugs to treat ear conditions

topical otic antiinfective agents

Antiparasitics

Drying agents

Cleaning agents

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Otic Rx: What is the diagnosis?

Yeast
Bacterial
Parasitic
Chronic/ Secondary

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What is the most common parasite affecting the ear of dogs, cats, and rabbits.

under the microscope what do they look like?

ear mites

white and freely motile

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Drying agents are used to reduce _______

moisture in the ear

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Ivermectin /Milbemycin has been indicated as an effective treatment for _______ in dogs and cats.

what is the dosage form that we might use

ear mites

Acarexx

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__________ and _________is a common solution for flushing the ear canal

warm water, chlorhexidine

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what are some dosage forms for ear cleaner solutions we might use

Epi-Otic ear cleanser

AloCetic

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gram positive bacteria will stain what color

Dark blue to purple

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Gram negative bacteria will stain what color

pink to red

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_____ are bacteria that must have oxygen to live and replicate.

Aerobes

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_______ are bacteria able to live and multiply without oxygen

Anaerobes

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The lowest concentration that macroscopically inhibits the growth of an organism is the ___________

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

What is a Narrow-spectrum Penicillin

Penicillin G

What is a Narrow-Spectrum, Acid-Resistant Penicillin

Penicillin V

What are the two Beta-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins

Dicloxacillin and Oxacillin

What are the three Broad-Spectrum Penicillins

Ampicillin, Hetacillin, and Amoxicillin

What class does Cephalexin fall under and what is an indication for this drug.

Cephalosporins Urinary tract infection

_________ is the antagonist for all Cephalosporins.

Gentamicin

Tetracyclines most commonly used in clinical practice are ______, _______, _________, and __________.

tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline.

What class of drugs would be used to treat rickettsial disease, Lyme disease, or Rocky Mountain spotted-tick fever?

Tetracyclines

What 3 drugs fall under the aminoglycosides class

Kanamycin, Gentamicin, and Streptomycin

What class of drugs are most often affective against anaerobic bacteria

Aminoglycosides

What class of drugs exhibits broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Flouroquinolones

What are the three drugs that fall under the Flouroquinolones class

Difloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Orbifloxacin

What are the two drugs we need to know in the lincosamides class

Clindamycin and Lincomycin

What class of drugs might we use to treat a patient with a urinary tract infection or coccidiosis what is a drug we would use from this class

Sulfonamides Sulfadimethoxine

Ketoconazole and Miconasole (Monistat) are considered _______ _______ agents.

Imidazole Antifungal

What is an insecticide that inactivates acetylcholinesterase.

Organophosphates

_________ is an Avermectin and is used to treat what parasites?

Ivermectin = Ancylostoma (hookworms), Toxocaris (roundworms), and D. immitus (heartworms)

Piperazine is effective against what parasites

Taenia (tapeworm) Dipylidium (flea tapeworm)

Praziquantel is effective for the removal of what parasites?

Praziquantal = taenia (tapeworm), Dipylidium (flea tapeworm) per Dr. Cranes handout book says lung flukes in dogs

Epsiprantel is an anti________

anticestodal

What are the two antiprotozoals we need to know?

Ponazuril and sulfadimethoxine

What two drugs are used to treat Giardia

Metronidazole and Albendazole

What is a drug used to treat Babesia

Imidocarb (aka Imizol)

Imidacloprid + Moxidectin (Advatage multi) Ivermectin (Heartgard, Heartgard Plus, Heargard for cats) Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor, Sentinal) Selamectin (Revolution) Moxidectin (ProHeart) are considered ___________.

Preventives

List the 5 monthly flea and tick products we discussed in class

``` Fipronil (Frontline) Imidacloprid (Advantage) Imidaclopride and Permethrin (K9 Advantix) Lufenuron (6 month injectable for cats) Selamectin (revolution) ```

What do NSAIDs block

Cyclooxygenase

what is a common side effect of NSAIDs

gastrointestinal ulceration

what does COX-1 and COX-2 do

COX-1 = synthesizes gastric mucosa COX-2 = promotes formation of prostaglandin

What are the 6 Corticosteroids Dr. Crane want us to know?

``` Hydrocortisone Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Triamcinolone Dexamethasone ```

What corticosteroid is Short Acting and what is its duration

Hydrocortisone (<12hrs)

what corticosteroids are Intermediate Acting and what is the duration

``` (12-36hrs) Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Triamcinolone ```

What is the Long Acting corticosteroid and its duration

Dexamethasone (>48hrs)

Glucocorticoids are _____________ at high doses

Immunosuppressive

Phenylbutazone

(NSAID) class: Pyrazolone Derivative Produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia lamness and colic for horses

Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)

NSAID blocks COX 2 produces: Analgesia, Antipyrexia, Antiinflammatory

Salicylates

Aspirin produces: analgesia, antipyrexia, antiinflammatory, blood thinner

What is DMSO

Dimethyl Sulfoxide causes vasodilation when applied topically

Acetominophen why is it toxic to cats

Tylenol produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia cats cannot metabolize acetominaphen

What drug do we use in vet med that is a Propionic Acid Derivative

Carprofen (Rimadyl) Cox 2 inhibitor Produces: analgesia has a half life of 8hrs

What drug is an indole acetic acid derivative NSAID

Etodolac produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory

What analgesic/NSAID is an agent of the coxib class

Derocoxib

Meloxicam

COX 2 receptor NSAID produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia

what is a dosage form for Erythropoietin

Epogen used in chronic renal failure

Heparin

Anticoagulant that prevents clotting factor 2

Warfarin

Coumarin Derivative used in rodenticides

if an animal eats a rodentacide what is a reversal agent

Vitamin K

Pharm: 2nd half drugs Flashcards

(71 cards)