Pharm Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

nAChR: locations, function, agonists

Answer 1

ionotropic

CNS, autonomic ganglia, and adrenal medulla

excitatory and release of catecholamines

Question 2

mAChR: locations, function, agonists

Answer 2

metabotropic

excitatory and inhibitory

CNS, autonomic ganglia
effector organs (cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals)

SWEAT glands

Question 3

what kind of receptors are on sweat glands, what NT causes secretion, and what division of the ANS controls it?

Answer 3

muscuranic receptors
ACH
sympathetic

Question 4

Renal vascular smooth muscle responds to

Answer 4

D? ?????? that’s all there is on the slide

Question 5

what kind of receptor is on the adrenal medulla?

Answer 5

N(n)

Question 6

M(1)

Answer 6

CNS, Ganglia

GPCR, Gq/11

Activation of phospholipase C (PLC); IP3, DAG cascade

Question 7

M(2)

Answer 7

heart, nerves, smooth muscle

Gi/O

inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) , decrease in cAMP production, activation of K channels

Question 8

M(3)

Answer 8

glands, smooth muscle, endothelium

Gq/11

activation of PLC, IP3, DAG cascade

Question 9

M(4)

Answer 9

CNS

Gi/0

inhibition of AC, decrease in cAMP production, activation of K channels

Question 10

M(5)

Answer 10

CNS

Gq/11

activation of PLC, IP3, DAG cascade

Question 11

Catecholamine synthesis

rxns occurring in cytoplasm

Answer 11

tyrosine –> Dopa –> dopamine

Question 12

Catecholamine synthesis

rxns in the vesicle,

Answer 12

Dopamine —> norepinephrine –> epinephrine

Question 13

Catecholamine synthesis

rxns occurring in the adrenal medulla

Answer 13

nor –> ep

Question 14

how does tyrosine get into the nerve terminal?

Answer 14

via Na+ dependent tyrosine transporter

Question 15

VMAT-2

Answer 15

transports NE, Epi, DA, and serotonin into vesicles, released upon AP with Ca influx

Question 16

how does NE get into the nerve terminal?

Answer 16

Ne transporter (NET)

DAT, imports DA into the nerve terminal

Question 17

DAT

Answer 17

dopamine transporter

Question 18

NET

Answer 18

norepinephrine transporter

Question 19

Where does cocaine work?

Answer 19

prevents NE transporters from reuptaking NE

Question 20

Termination of catecholamine signaling

two major reuptake transporters

Answer 20

no enzymatic degradation in the synapse

reuptake is the major mechanism of catecholamine termination

NET and DAT

Question 21

Metabolism of catecholamines (2 main enzymes) inside nerve terminal

Answer 21

monoamine oxidase (MAO) 
catechol-O-methytransferase

Question 22

Alpha(1) receptor

G protein, effectors
agonist
tissue
responses

Answer 22

Gq –> phospholipase C, IP3, DAG, intracellular Ca

Epi > or = to NE

Vascular, GU smooth muscle
Liver
Intestinal smooth muscle
Heart

contraction, glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis
hyperpolarization, relaxation,
increased contractile force
arrhythmias

Question 23

Alpha(2) receptor

G protein, effectors
agonist
tissue
responses

Answer 23

Gi, Go: decreases adenylyl cyclase, cAMP

Epi> NE or = to NE

Pancreatic islets (beta cells)
platelets
nerve terminals
vascular smooth muscle

decreased insulin secretion
aggregation
decreased release of NE
contraction

Question 24

Beta (1) receptor

Answer 24

Gs

increases adenyly cyclase, cAMP, L type Ca channel openings

Isoproterenol > Epi > or = NE

juxtaglomerular cells
heart

increased renin secretion
increased force and rate of contraction and AV nodal conduction velocity

Question 25

Beta (2) receptor

Answer 25

Gs increases adenyly cyclase, cAMP, L type Ca channel openings Isoproterenol > Epi >>> NE ``` Smooth muscle (vascular, bronchial, GI, GU) Skeletal muscle ``` RELAXATION glycogenolysis, uptake of K

Question 26

Beta (3) receptor

Answer 26

Gs adenyly cyclase increase Iso = NE > Epi adipose tissue lipolysis

Question 27

Primary tissue locations for adrenergic receptor subtypes (from slide with pictures) ``` alpha1 alpha2 beta1 beta2 beta3 ```

Answer 27

alpha1: smooth muscle alpha2: presynaptic neurons, postsynaptic tissue (ocular, adipose, intestinal, hepatic, renal, endocrine, blood platelets) beta1: heart beta2: bronchial, uterine, vascular smooth muscle relaxation beta3: lipolysis of adipose tissue

Question 28

Rules of thumb for smooth muscle and autonomic receptors

Answer 28

alpha-1 receptors: stimulates contraction of all smooth muscle AND causes vasoconstriction Beta-2 receptors: relaxes smooth muscle: VASODILATION Muscarinic receptors: contract smooth muscle, alh

Question 29

are nAChR or mAChR's found on the smooth muscle of blood vessels?

Answer 29

no. neither.

Question 30

Parasympathetics: do they innervate smooth muscle of blood vessels or the blood vessels themselves?

Answer 30

the blood vessels themselves; no innervation of vascular smooth muscle via parasympathetics there are mAChRs on the epithelia which ACH released via parasympathetics.

Question 31

how do parasympathetics cause vasodilation?

Answer 31

they stimulate epithelia (not muscle) via mAChR receptors to produce NO NO = endothelium derived relaxing factor can be released due to mechanical stress or ACH stimu

Question 32

blood pressure goes down ---> ___ baroreceptors ---> __ Nervous system ---> __ nervous system

Answer 32

increases pressure on baroreceptors, causing an increase in parasympathetic activity, decreasing sympathetic activity

Question 33

blood pressure goes down ---> ___ baroreceptors ---> __ Nervous system ---> __ nervous system

Answer 33

decrease baroreceptor response, decrease in parasympathetic stimulation, excitation of sympathetics

Question 34

three stimulants of vascular endothelia that result in NO release

Answer 34

Bradykinin ACH stimulation of M receptors shear force Arginine is oxidized to citrulline, and NO is released, which diffuses to smooth muscle anf acts on the GTP ---> cGMP system causing vasodilation